Ap Us History Unit 3

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passed as protection to the american people

It increased the tariff significantly which negatively affected the South and positively affected the north

It made goods much more expensive for the South, and the North reaped all the benefits.

Webster-Hayne Debate 1830

Basically, New England felt left out because of westernization and less power. In 1829, the NE senator made a proposal to curb sales of public land. This became a whole issue about the S and W allies vs NE

This was a battle about nullification rights

Robert Hayne

SC democrat

Advocator of state rights

Supported by Calhoun (just a fun fact :) )

He represented the south’s grievances

He believed that nullification was the only was the only way for states to protect their rights in their own lands

Webster

NE

Ex-federalist

Represented the people and not the states rights

Against nullification, and for national unity

It ended without a concrete winner

S and N now had another big conflict to deal with

Nullies

1832 - they were at a conflict between regions

Compromises!

Tariff of 1832 lowered tariff of 1828

SC wanted to nullify stuff and threatened to secede

Jackson was like “OH HELL NAH” and built an army to enforce the tariff

Clay’s compromise: to lower the tariff, which ended the threat

FORCE BILL happened

Almost civil war - ended in division and resentment

Begin first clear signs of sectional division in Congress/US & not splits along party lines

Slavery - obviously

Missouri compromise tho: 1820

Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free one

This law prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36 30’ line (except for Missouri)

South didn’t want infrastructure improvements like the North bc they were afraid that the government would end up meddling with other issues (...slavery…)

Slave uprisings !! Denmark Vesey (Charleston, 1822) is a big one

Really started fear in the South that slaves would become a problem are therefore Southerners cracked down on slaves/slavery issues (this is what made the tariff such a big deal bc government, once again, could meddle w slavery !!)

How did the “log-cabin and hard-cider” campaign of 1840 demonstrate the nature of the two-party system in the New Democracy?

Basically, in the election of 1840, it was William Henry Harrison vs Martin Van Buren (handpicked by A.J.)

In this election, the Whigs stole the “common man image” bc WHH was also a man of the people who stayed in log cabins, and drank hard cider.

The whigs were a thing that was engendered during this election

Little fun backstory: Clay and Calhoun made this party in the senate bc they hated Jackson. Literally, they didn’t have a huge party platform or anything, they just hated Jackson.

They got all kinds of support from other Jackson haters!

Brought about the two party system: Whigs vs Democrats - which were divided by philosophy and policy differences.

Chapter 14 - Forging the National Economy

Be able to examine the effects of early industrial development on labor and society. Showing how the change from a subsistence economy to a market economy affected workers, farmers and especially women.

First things first, what happened? Urbanization:

Intensified the problems of smelly slums, feeble street light, inadequate policing, impure water, foul sewage etc etc

Because of this, boston created the sewer system iw york created piped in water supply in 1842

Brought in immigrants from Europe looking for room and opportunity (namely the Germans and the Irish, but we’ll get to that later)

Because of the immigrants, nativists became a thing (but more on that later)

“Free incorporation” became a thing: it was a law first passed in the north in 1848 that meant that businessmen would create corporations without applying for individual charters from legislature

Resident population boomed

No monopolies - which increased competition and industrialization and growth

State governments invested in infrastructure

A new bank was rechartered, similar to the bank they just killed, only with a bigger capital

They built schools - yay

Cotton gin, sewing machine, turnpikes, steamboats, railroads, factories (remember Slater and Whitney).

“Wage slaves” and strikes:

In spindle cities, there was a huge labor problem, and “wage slaves” began to cluster

“Wage slaves” were people who had very, very low salaries and worked in impossible conditions because, well they needed $$

They were forbidden, by law, to form labor unions to raise their wages

Basically, they were trapped

Child workers were abused etc etc - what’s new?

WELLL it started to improve in the 20s and 30s when the Jacksonian democracy allowed the laboring man to vote

But then, strikes began to happen, there was a huge depression