Us History

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-In 1867, 80000 Southern Kiowa’s, Comanche’s, and Cheyenne’s signed the Medicine Lodge Treaty.

-In 1868, Sioux relocated to land in South Dakota after signing the Fort Laramie Treaty.

-From 1868 to 1869, the U.S. engaged in battles with the Apaches.

-In 1877, General Oliver Howard effort to relocate the Nez Perce.

-By 1881, Sitting Bull resistance against General George A. Custer ended.

-Sitting Bull was successful and made it to Canada ?

-For Natives, god meant much more than something that was just above them, they believed it was in everything.

3. Attack on Native culture

-Bureau of Indian Affairs: focused on children and not parents. They did this because the native children can be impacted easily, and they were the ones that could be easily civilized, because they were so young and still learning.

-In 1871, wanted to nullify all the negotiations with the native Americans, wanted to remove the cultural traditions from the natives.

-Abolish all tribal governments.

4. Redistribution of their lands.

-The Dawes Act (1887): Families who agreed to let go of the culture and traditions to become Americanized, will be given small parts of land.

5. Massacre of men, women, and children.

- Sand Creek Massacre: The killing of 133 natives: women, children and men.

-The cournel shippington attacked an encampment.

- “Kill and scap all big and little”

-Return to Denver with the scaps of shaynne leaders, and parts of womens.

-Natives responded negatively.

-Wounded Knee

-Had a devastating impact on the culture, and the population of native americans

Native American Visions of Freedom

-Ex Parte Crow Dog (1903): No Indian was a citizen unless congress said so.

-Loan Wolf vs. Hitchcock : congress can make whatever Indian policy it chose.

-In 1904, Native leaders including Sitting Bull and Chief Joseph made appeals for the extension of freedom and equal rights.

-In 1907, the Oklahoma Enabling Act extended to Natives who lived on the reservation in the Oklahoma citizenship.

-In 1919, citizenship right were granted to native veterans who fought for the united states during world war 1.

-In 1924, Congress recognized the citizenry of all Natives with the passage of the Indian Citizenship Act.

Industrial Freedom and Organized Labor, 1870’s-1900’s

Objectives

- Identify the factors that contributed to the growth of the American economy

- Examine employer-worker’s relations

- Explore the challenges American society and all politics encountered after rapid expansion and growth.

Factors that Contributed to the Growth of American Industry

- Abundance of Natural Resources

-Steel Industry in Pennsylvania and Ohio

-Transcontinental railroad

-Coal industry in Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico

-to provide for the trains, and is the number one fuel source.

-Oil industry in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia

2. Large Labor Pool

-First wave: Rural Areas

-Second Wave: Europe

-an excess of 25 million immigrants will come to the United States. The first group will enter between the 80’s, and they are called “old immigrants,” and they came from Eastern Europe. They come to help the industries grow and expand. But these industries begin to look at new immigrants, because they can be taught quickly and repetitively.

3. Technological Innovation

-Telegraph (1866): they allow the companies in the easy to communicate with the mines, so they can prepare their business more adequately.

-Incandescent lamp (1879): allows electrification for factories, will allow them to have a stable amount of energy.

-Refrigeration: the meat packing industry and farmers. Has meat packing trucks and allows the meat to distribute and go all over the U.S. Transport efficient meat. And farmers found this useful too, they needed to come up with a way to keep their crops dry and cool.

-The Bessemer Process: allowed for the steel industry to emerge. The process of heating up iron ore, creating this hot lava mixture. Able to extract all the materials from the mixture, so created a higher quality steel. This steel made it possible for the cities to grow, and they now in our times allow us to have skyscrapers.

-Motor vehicle (1903): Introduction of Gas. The first automobile was created. By 1917, there are 5 billion automobiles on the road.

-Propelled Plane (1899) : Single propeller plane, Wilber Right, created the glider, then became a propeller plane.

4. Emergence of “captains of industry”

-Cornelius Vanderbilt, James J. Hill, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie

-Modern Corporation:

-Laws of incorporation

-Limited Liability: Invested in small and local companies. By 1862, congress passed the companies act, and will limit liability,