Usa Government Timeline Project

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- Constitutional Convention (1987)

Met in Philadelphia between May and September to address the problems of a weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation.The United States Constitution emerged from the convention which established a federal government with more specific powers, including those related to foreign affairs.

- Formation of land grant colleges (1862)

An institution of higher education in the United States designated by a state to receive the benefits of the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890. The Morrill Acts funded educational institutions by granting federally controlled land to the states for them to sell to raise funds to establish and endow "land-grant" colleges.

- No Child Left Behind(2002)

Which passed Congress with overwhelming bipartisan support in 2001 and was signed into law by President George W. Bush on Jan. 8, 2002, is the name for the most recent update to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.

- State and Local Fiscal Assist Act (1972)

In 1972 Congress passed the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act, which over a five-year period allocated some $30,000,000,000, one-third to state governments and two-thirds to local governments.

- Women's rights (1869)

Wyoming territorial legislators pass a bill that is signed into law granting women the right to vote. Western states led the nation in approving women’s suffrage, but some of them had rather unsavory motives. Though some men recognized the important role women played in frontier settlement, others voted for women’s suffrage only to bolster the strength of conservative voting blocks.

- United States v Lopez (1995)

Alfonzo Lopez, a 12th grade high school student, carried a concealed weapon into his San Antonio, Texas high school. He was charged under Texas law with firearm possession on school premises. The next day, the state charges were dismissed after federal agents charged Lopez with violating a federal criminal statute, the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990. The act forbids "any individual knowingly to possess a firearm at a place that [he] knows...is a school zone." Lopez was found guilty following a bench trial and sentenced to six months' imprisonment and two years' supervised release.

- Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

1857 Supreme Court decision that stated that slaves were not citizens; that living in a free state or territory, even for many years, did not free slaves; and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.

- McCulloch v Maryland (1819)

Strengthened federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the bank of the United States by establishing that the state of Maryland did not have the power to tax the bank.

- United States v California ( 1988)

After the Board of Equalization rejected WBEC's claim that those taxes were invalid, the company paid its deficit, and, according to WBEC's contract, was subsequently reimbursed by the United States Government. In January of 1988, WBEC continued to challenge the taxes by filing an action in state court. This action concluded with an agreement between the state of California and WBEC that the company receive a $3 million refund. The Federal Government filed a suit in the Eastern District of California in May of 1988, arguing that the remaining state taxes totaling $11 million were also illegitimate. The District Court ruled in favor of the state of California, and the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed.

- Gibbons v Ogden (1824)

Basically stated that the power to regulate interstate commerce was in the hands of the government due to the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution.

https://www.oyez.org/cases/1789-1850/22us1

Krish Kadakia

Period 2

Individual Paragraph

Currently, I believe that most of the power is in the hands of the federal government. Ever since the New Deal by F.D.R the federal policy has been growing larger and larger. Much of the rights that were reserved specifically for the states are now also shared the with federal government such as voting and education. I believe that the Framers’ were trying to say that there would always be some kind of deviation from the constitution is necessary so we can be able to deal with the conflicts that up rise in the future. That deviation can be seen through the passing of amendments and the implied powers of Congress. Also in the Federalist Papers #51 it also states that if the federal government wants to preserve order, that the other branches in the government must work against each to limit the power of each branch. I believe that the goals the Framers’ had in mind are very similar to the type of federalism today. They are similar because if a Congress passes a law the president has to veto it or approve it, so that the law can go onto further inspection and get checked if it is constitutional or unconstitutional. And if it does get passed and the states think it is unconstitutional the states can go up against the federal government in the supreme Court which acts as another method of checks and balance.which exists between the states and the federal government. The differences between the Framers’ goals of federalism and what federalism is today would be that, the Framers’ would not have liked so much power to be focused on the federal level.

Daniel’s

Increase Federal Power

16th Amendment, passed on February 3, 1913: The Sixteenth Amendment increased federal power because it allows Congress to levy an income tax without the necessity for State approval. This amendment gives the states little say on the federal tax.

Development of the Department of Homeland Security, September 22, 2001- now: The Department of Homeland Security oversees and coordinates a national strategy to combat terrorism in this country. This department has rights to invade personal rights in any state, so it drastically increased federal power.

Institution of the Federal Income Tax, first peacetime income tax enacted in 1894: A federal income tax gives the federal