History 7a Final Study Guide
Autor: Sara17 • October 29, 2018 • 21,589 Words (87 Pages) • 547 Views
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- War Hawks a young generation of Congressmen from the West and South.
- Advocated war as a means to promote American expansion.
- Henry Clay-Kentucky and John C. Calhoun- South Carolina.
- Argued that war with England would:
- Protect American freedoms (freedom of trade);
- Eliminate European interference in American matters; England interference
- Expand American territory by gaining Canada.
The War of 1812
- Madison succumbed to the pressure of the War Hawks.
- Asked Congress to declare war on England in 1812.
- War fought on three major fronts:
- North (Great Lakes region/Canadian border)
- South (Southern Gulf states)
- Atlantic Coast
- North: United States attempted to invade and capture Canada.
- Efforts ultimately failed.
- New England bankers and merchants opposed the war.
- Did not contribute money and supplies.
- England forces with Native allies put up stiff resistance.
- Atlantic Coast: English had the overwhelming advantage.
- England had the most powerful navy in the world;
- By comparison, American navy was small;
- English blockaded Atlantic coast;
- August 1814: English forces attacked and captured Washington D.C.
- September 1814: American forces repelled English forces at Fort McHenry (Baltimore)
- United States enjoyed success in the South.
- American forces led by Andrew Jackson.
- Battle of New Orleans Louisiana (1815):
- Jackson defended the port of New Orleans from English forces.
- Jackson the “Hero of New Orleans”
- Treaty of Ghent (1814): ended the war.
- Did not address any major grievances;
- No territory gained or lost for either side.
Consequences of the War
- No further conflicts with England.
- Americans’ turned their attention west.
- Continued westward expansion.
- By 1820, nearly 25% of U.S. population lived west of Appalachian Mountains.
Election of 1816 and the Era of Good Feelings
- James Monroe won presidential election of 1816.[pic 1]
- Republican from Virginia.
- Won re-election in 1820.
- Period of presidency known as “Era of Good Feelings”.
- Hostilities between Republicans and Federalists faded.
- Federalist party dissolved.
- Party of elitists whose influence was severely reduced after the War of 1812
- One-party politics.
- Politics divided across sectional lines in the United States.
- Northern interests vs. Southern interests
The American System
- Proposed during Monroe’s presidency.
- A plan for national economic development.
- Consisted of three components:
- Charter for a new national bank;
- Tariff on imported goods to protect American manufacturing; and
- Creation of a national system of roads and canals.
- Charter:1790-1810 Bank of the U.S.
- Charter 1816-1836
The Diplomacy of John Quincy Adams
- Adams, Secretary of State for Monroe, contributed to American expansion and American foreign policy.
- Acquired Florida from Spain (Adams-Onís treaty, 1819).
- Negotiated two treaties with England allowing for joint occupation of Oregon.
- Adams author of the Monroe Doctrine (1823).
- Declared the United States as the dominant power in the Western Hemisphere;
- Declared Western Hemisphere closed to European colonization.
- Functioned to protect American (economic and territorial) interests.
- In response to the new Latin American Republics.
The Missouri Compromise
- Recall: westward expansion led to creation and admission of new states into the Union.
- 1819: crisis over the admission of Missouri territory.
- Status of Missouri would tip the balance between slave and free states.
- Important since politics were sectional. (southerner wants slaves)
- Compromise proposed in 1820:
- Missouri to be added as a slave state;
- Territory of Maine to be added as a free state;
- Future admission of territories to the Union must be done in pairs to preserve the sectional balance;
- For future states, slavery prohibited above Missouri’s southern boundary; and
- Slavery
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