Police Ethics

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Analysis of Organizational Wrongdoing- Part 2

Six Alternative Explanations of Organizational Wrongdoing

1. The Ethical Decision Theory Explanation

- => Early Ethical Decision Theory- 4 Stage Sequence of Making Ethical Decisions:

Stage1- Does person become aware that a decision requires the appl’n of ethical criteria?

- If Yes- Stage 2- Does the person identify the ethical course of action?

- If Yes- Stage 3- Does the person develop an intention to act that is consistent with the judgment arrived at in the 2nd stage?

- If Yes- Stage 4- Does the person act in a fashion consistent with the intentions developed in the 3rd stage?

- => Recent Ethical Decision Theory:

- Bounded Ethicality

- Cognitive Dissonance

2. The Administrative Systems Explanation

- Organizational wrongdoing will arise when organizational guidelines program wrongdoing, either by design or inadvertently.

3. The Situational Social Influence Explanation

- People will focus on the expectations of others who are close to them because the situations in which they find themselves often are ambiguous and therefore not amenable to thorough cost-benefit analysis or normative assessment.

- Groupthink (Janis, 1971)

4. The Power Structure Explanation

- Organizations as arenas of conflict

- Formal authority

- Informal authority

5. The Accidental Behavior Explanation

- Information processing deficits- lack of information or lack of capacity to process information

- Faulty system design or operation

6. The Social Control Explanation

- Social control agents create org. wrongdoing by determining what is right and wrong in a particular time and place

Chapter 6

Globalization and Emerging Market Risk

Globalization

- The nature of doing global business

Capitalism, Economics, and Business Ethics

- Risk compartmentalization

Common Values

- Global common values

- Country cultural values

Global Business Practices

- Ethical superiority

- Whose values and ethical standards take precedence during international negotiations and business transactions?

- Cultural relativism

Important Considerations

- Consumerism

- Human rights

- Health care

- Labor

Doing Business in Emerging Markets

- Benefits

- Risks

Chapter 7

Ethics in Marketing, Operations, and Management

Marketing

- Does the product/service do what we claim it does?

- Does the product/service meet a legitimate customer need?

- Are there certain products/services that should not be made?

Operations

- Are we treating our employees as a critical asset?

- Are suppliers considered stakeholders with whom the company has developed a close and ongoing relationship in order to deliver value to our customers?

- Are we using appropriate methods throughout our supply chain to meet production targets?

Ethics in Management

- Managers need to be sensitive to individual behavior

- Managers need to be sensitive to the relationships between workers and their superiors

- Managers need to be sensitive to the dynamics of group behavior

- Managers need to be sensitive to the culture of the organization

- Management practices are critical in the context of:

- Globalization

- The pursuit of a Sustainable Competitive Advantage

- The shift toward Decentralization in the workplace

- The creation and sharing of Knowledge/Information