Revision for Event Management

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Chapter 8

Antecedents

- Personality, Values and attitudes, Lifestyle

-Are psychological factors that lie at the foundation of human behaviour

- Needs, Motives

-Motivation refers to process by which people are drive to act in a certain way, Motives by contrast are specific reasons for doing something, and they have to follow from underlying needs and motivation.

- Personal and interpersonal factors (Family, Culture, Stage, Work, Leisure.)

-Personal factors are a summation of personality, needs, value, attitudes and motivation.

-Interpersonal factors examples are such as Do you have someone to go to the event with? Is there a peer pressure to attend? Are you in need of family outing or to make new friends?

-Seeking and Escaping (ISO- Aloha’s) is seeking to find personal and interpersonal rewards and hoping to escape aspects of personal and interpersonal environment that bother us.

- Expectations

-Needs and motives give rise to expectations that certain behavior will yield desired benefits.

-Expectations are also shaped by communications such as advertising and image making on the part of events and particularly by word of mouth recommendations, or expressed opinions from valued reference groups.

Decision Making

- Negotiating Constraints

-Negotiating constraints is the individual process of finding ways to do what we want to do. If we really want to attend the concert, how do we get the money, make the time, find someone to go with, book tickets and etc.

- Information search and use

-understand the event and use the information found to decide

- Attractiveness of the event

What are the attractiveness of the event that make you want to go so badly?

- Substitutes

-Is there other event that can substitute the event you are going to? Is it comparable to the one you want to attend?

- Loyalty vs Novelty seeking

-Except for sports and theatrical production, most events are unique opportunities.

-Numerous event-related decisions are never exactly repeated.

-Many people engage in novelty seeking in travel and leisure, generally preferring something new.

-Event loyalty does exist in some forms such as the relationship between sports teams and fans.

-Loyalty to periodic conferences and exhibitions exist, because of the business or professional advantages and the enjoyment of socializing with friends who always meet there.

Barriers and Constraints

Constraints consists of three categories

- Structural

-Supply, Choice, Access, Knowledge

-Cost of time

-Age and health

- Personal

-Preferences (Mood, Personality)

-Risk perception (Tolerance for risk)

- Interpersonal

-Social isolation (Being influence by peer pressure from friends or family. ( Fear or Ridicule or being subjected to discrimination.

Chapter 9

What research, evaluation and information systems should be in place to support event management?

Research, evaluation and information system

Foundations

Unique Event Issues and Application

-applied research

-Internal evaluation

-external evaluation

-information system

-the field of information management

-Computer science

-Evaluation as field of study

-Research method from many disciplines and fields

-The challenge of organizational learning and memory in pulsating organization

-need for information from many diverse source

-The gap between academics and practitioner

Research, evaluation and information system

-All the management functions have to be supported by Research, evaluation and information system

-The open-system model of event illustrates that information is an essential input and that both internal and external evaluations are crucial for accountability, improvement and learning.

Chapter 10

Outcomes and Impact

-Planned events always have a purpose and goals.

-This means that certain ‘outcomes’ are both desired and predicted, but it is alos possible that unanticipated and negative outcomes are also generated.

-The term ‘outcomes’ in this chapter is derived from the open-system model wherein ‘transforming process’ (Management systems and the event itself) convert ‘inputs’ to ‘output’ (Outcome)

Stressors or Causal Forces is defined what processes lead to outcome/impacts? Such as Expenditure/ investment in events, Event tourism, Event related development, community involvement in events and media coverage.

- Explain how events can cause social, cultural and political outcomes (i.e. stressors plus potential impacts). Refer specifically to ‘exchange