Development of Humans as Social Actors

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GUIDE QUESTION [pic 7]

What is the significance of finding at the interplay of culture, society, and political Identities in explaining societal change?

TOPICS TO BE COVERED

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- Manifestations of human variations through cultural diversity, social differences, and political identities

- Subject of inquiry and goals of anthropology, sociology, and political science

- Rationale for studying the interplay of culture, society, and politics

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Learning Competencies

- Acknowledge and articulate observations on human cultural variation,

social differences, and political identities

- Adopt an open and critical attitude in the analysis of different social,

political, and cultural phenomena through observations and reflections

- Appreciates the value and interplay of disciplines of Anthropology,

Sociology, and Political Science as social sciences.

LESSON 1.1[pic 11]

Human cultural variation, social differences, social change,

and political identities.

Environment and history are two of the primary factors that shape the behaviour of human groups. This behaviour, which serves as an adaptive tool for the varied stimuli projected by the environment, is influenced by beliefs, practices, and material possessions. Through constant practice, these sets of behaviour form human traditions, which are passed on from one generation to the other. As each human group experiences differing environmental conditions, cultural variations are established (Alejandria-Gonzales 2015).

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Activity 1.1

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Form a group with 10 members. For 10 minutes, share with one another the following information:

- Your former school (private or public)

- The region that you belong (Luzon, Visayans, or Mindanao) or your nationality

- Gender

- The language and dialects that you can speak

- Religion

After your group discussion, summarize in two paragraphs your similarities and differences and present the outcomes in the class.

Cultural variation/ cultural diversity – a state where several individuals with varied backgrounds and culture are present in an institution. The variation in human conditions promotes diversity and plurality in cultural traditions.

Nationality and ethnicity – these concepts are not interchangeable. Both, however, are capable of informing an individual's behaviour and habits due to a set of cultural norms that each category provides.

Nationality is the identity that is tied to being part of a nation or country-a “group of people who share the same history, traditions, and language” and who are inhabits a particular territory.

Ethic group these are the smaller group within a nation who share specific environments, traditions, and histories.

Social Differences – The society has various manifestations of social differences based on unique social characteristics or qualities like social class, gender, age, and like. In Sociology, social differences is usually equated with social stratification, this describes the relative social position of person in a given social group.

Gender – refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women. Unlike sex which refers to the biological characteristic such as male or female, gender categories are more varied, accommodating identities such as lesbian, gay bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI), among others.

Socioeconomic Class – the concept of socioeconomic class varies between societies as the ideas associated with being poor or rich differ based on the collective experiences of individuals.

Political Identify – as a social category refers to the set of attitudes and practices that an individual adheres to in relation to the political system and actors within his or her society.

Religion – today, religions has evolved to promote far complex forms of understanding human nature, culture, and natural events.

Exceptionality/Non-exceptionality – some individuals do not conform to behavioural or cognitive norms, not because they intend to deviate from such, but because they are exceptional. The concept of exceptionality leans on the non-average capacity of an individual. This could be understood in a spectrum of capabilities, wherein you have the geniuses in one extreme and you have the disabled and challenged in the other extreme.

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Activity 1.2

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Answer the following:

- What are the human individual differences?

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- How human culture varied/varies?

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- How social differences, social change, and political identities contribute to cultural variation?

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