Different Costing Systems

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Life Cycle Thinking System-image retrieved from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Life_Cycle_Thinking_Product_System.jpg

Replacement energy technology needed to continue to have energy in the future (what it costs to implement renewable, for example), let alone the consequences of pollution associated with the generation and use of energy (losses of biodiversity, involvement to the health of people, etc., for discharges and emissions) someone has to do it, now or in the future. A building that reduces these problems not only pays a lower bill also prevents others pay for it (Marszal et.al, 2012, pp. 154).

Part 2

Analysis

The use of alternative fuels in the cement industry would be an energy recovery of different types of waste that otherwise would end up in a landfill or incinerator, causing a much higher environmental impacts. This valuation would convert waste into resources, helping to close the cycle of materials, a key concept to achieve a real industrial ecology.

Regarding building materials based on wood, generally they have a reduced impact, especially as less industrial processing required for each particular product. The balance in equivalent carbon dioxide is almost neutral, due to industrial processing low and would be negative (net absorption of emissions) in case the product life to be recycling or reuse instead of incineration (Leaman et.al, 2010, pp. 564).

In the current context where it is promoting and investing large amounts of money in the capture and storage of CO 2 in power plants should be considered that the use of structural wood in buildings involved, provided that the processes of logging be sustainable (the which involves planting a new tree for every tree felled), a prefetch of CO2 in forests and storage of the CO 2 during the lifetime of the building (50 years minimum), which also can be extended if reuse of wood at the end of life. This makes the wood frame buildings in authentic “stores CO 2” should be promoted from the government (Kneifel, 2010, pp.333).

Therefore, it would be advisable to amend the current regulatory framework to promote the design of buildings with wooden structure at the expense of conventional structure with reinforced concrete, and that in addition to the clear environmental benefits structures wood offer better resistance in case of fire (Kibert, 2012).

Response

A zero energy building covers all its energy needs thanks to its efficient design and materials and renewable sources installed in it, so it does not emit carbon dioxide (CO2). The advantages of these buildings in the fight against climate change and energy dependence on fossil fuels has convinced the UK authorities that force, from 2016, all new homes are of this type. Also in other countries also it is investing in its development, although the high cost of construction and the low development of these green technologies hinder their widespread yet. Meanwhile, in zero energy housing the basic interest lies precisely from beginning to be inhabited. In this case, the main concern is because your tenant spends the least possible energy and it comes from renewable sources in the building. Since it does not require fossil fuels are also called zero carbon, by not issuing in their energy generation CO2, a major greenhouse gases that cause climate change (Gustavsson et.al, 2010, pp. 230).

The company uses the same technology, materials, and machinery of the concrete industry, unlike that is supplemented with carbon dioxide, which is converted by a chemical process in limestone in the concrete (as a hardening additional reaction ), leading to more green building materials, and even more resistance, while complying with applicable regulations. If we consider the concrete block, it is estimated that for every one of them have avoided emitting 250 grams of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (Castleton et.al, 2010, pp. 1582).

Conclusion

The “Whole-life cost or Life Cycle Costing” is the analysis of all the costs (direct and indirect variable and fixed) assignable to a product/service from the conception of the idea starts to the end of its useful life, or to any agent associated with the phases of the life of the product/service (supplier, producer, consumer). To carry out the exact calculation of carbon dioxide equivalent must determine the direct emissions of fuel consumption in the same work, emissions from the consumption of electricity and indirect emissions, including the transfer of inputs and transporting excavated material. The truth is that with this new form of construction will do its utmost to preserve the environment, and the best will come a point that will be easy for anyone to calculate these measurements, thus avoiding a major environmental pollution.

A sustainable building should be characterized by a maintained balance between material production, consumption for the construction and / or rehabilitation of buildings and the use of natural resources. To prevent the production of materials affect natural resources, it is necessary to promote the use of best available techniques and innovation in the production plants, and replace, as far as possible, the use of finite natural resources by waste generated in various production processes, closing product cycles, which is a clear commitment to reuse and recycling, and in any event minimizing the transport of raw materials and products, promoting the use of resources available in local areas.

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References

Azhar, S. (2011). Building information modeling (BIM): Trends, benefits, risks, and challenges for the AEC industry. Leadership and Management in Engineering.

Castleton, H. F., Stovin, V., Beck, S. B. M., & Davison, J. B. (2010). Green roofs; building energy savings and the potential for retrofit. Energy and buildings, 42(10), 1582-1591.

Gustavsson, L., Joelsson, A., & Sathre, R. (2010). Life cycle primary energy use and carbon emission of an eight-storey wood-framed apartment building.Energy and Buildings, 42(2), 230-242.

Kibert, C. J. (2012). Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery. John Wiley & Sons.

Kneifel, J. (2010). Life-cycle carbon and cost analysis of energy efficiency measures in new commercial buildings. Energy and Buildings, 42(3), 333-340.

Leaman,