Social Inequality Annotated Bibliography

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vi) Comments :

In this journal article, set of particular components that shape the interrelationship amongst childbearing and ladies' work supply are explained. For instance, one can analyze trends in countries like Italy and Poland, which are two low-fertility rate nations where the particular hindrances to work and family compromise are comparably solid however which contrast in the historical backdrop of ladies' work supply and the degree to which family financial goals are fulfilled by men's income. Discoveries also demonstrate that ladies' work plainly clashes with childbearing in Italy, while in Poland ladies tend to join the two exercises, regardless of the comparative troubles they confront. These outcomes verified the standard microeconomic reasons and point to the significance of other nation particular components, aside from conditions for work and family compromise, in forming women business and birth choices.

Bibliographic reference #3: Mandel, H. (2009). Configurations of gender inequality: the consequences of ideology and public policy. British Journal Of Sociology, 60(4), 693-719. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2009.01271.

ii) Database:

iii) Search term(s): *Gender inequality*Welfare state*Gender role*Ideology*Economic conditions of women*Labor market*Women's employment*Liberalism*Social democracy iv) Listing number : 10

v) Author’s Abstract : This paper gathers a wide range of indicators into distinctive profiles to show how configurations of gender economic inequality are shaped by both welfare state strategies and gender role ideologies. When multiple aspects of gender inequality are assembled together, it becomes evident that all societies exhibit both gender-egalitarian and inegalitarian features. These tradeoffs can best be understood through the ideological and institutional contexts in which they are embedded. Empirical illustrations are provided for fourteen advanced societies by analyzing the major expressions of gender inequality; from women's economic wellbeing and financial autonomy, through labor force participation and continuity of employment, to occupational attainments and economic rewards. The analysis confirms the existence of distinctive profiles of gender inequality and their affinity to normative conceptions of the gender order and ideal types of welfare state institutions

vi) Comments : Contemporary welfare state hypothesis fits easily with our request that the part of the state ought to be broke down at the same time in connection to both class and sex stratification. welfare states address the principal kind of imbalance in strength of social entitlements and citizen's degree of immunization, second by defamilialization which is termed as a concept of welfare regimes in which welfare is produced and distributed in developed countries by states, markets, and households, and last when welfare state act as an employer. The key impact of decommodification, on which both communist supporters and market-disapproved of pundits concur, is that it expands laborers' reservation wage, the least pay that makes it worth their while to acknowledge paid work.

Bibliographic reference #4: Ochsenfeld, F. (2014). Why Do Women’s Fields of Study Pay Less A Test of Devaluation, Human Capital, and Gender Role Theory. European Sociological Review, 30(4), 536-548

ii) Database: American sociological review

iii) Search term(s): *Labor market*Human capital*Income distribution*Gender inequality*Gender differences (Sociology)*Socialization

iv) Listing number : 14

v) Author’s Abstract : As men are overrepresented in lucrative fields and women disproportionately graduate from disciplines that yield low wages in the labour market, horizontal sex segregation in higher education contributes significantly to economic gender inequality. However, what underlies the association between sex composition and wages in fields of study? We draw on data from the German HIS Graduate Panel Study 1997 (N = 4,092) and use hierarchical linear models to adjudicate between devaluation theory and explanations based on differential sorting processes: human capital and gender role theory. The resulting evidence for both human capital and devaluation theory is scant. Consistent with gender role theory, differences in the attractiveness of fields to students with a careerist approach to higher education and the labor market in turn explain most of the association between field of studies’ sex composition and wage levels. We therefore conclude that gendered patterns of self-selection that derive from men’s socialization into the breadwinner role rather than evaluative discrimination or rational anticipation of career interruptions underlie the association between fields’ sex composition and wage levels.

vi) Comments : The sex pay gap is likewise fortified by the isolation even for the same

occupation and even when controlling individual characteristics, such as education.

From one viewpoint, women and men regularly prevail in various segments. Then again, women

regularly work in parts (for instance in wellbeing, training, and open organization) where their work is brought down at esteemed and lower paid than those overwhelmed by men. When we take a look at the wellbeing segment alone, of those working in this division are women. Also, ladies are as often as possible recommended as clerical specialists, shop aides - these occupations represent a vital extent of the female workforce. Numerous women work in low-paying occupations like cleaning and care work. Ladies are under-spoken to in administrative and senior positions.

Bibliographic reference #5: Reskin, B. (1988). Bringing the Men Back in: Sex Differentiation and the Devaluation of Women's Work. Gender and Society, 2(1), 58-81. Retrieved from http://0-www.jstor.org.orca.douglascollege.ca/stable/190469

ii) Database: JSTOR

iii) Search term(s): *Women's employment*Gender differences (Psychology)*Social psychology*Women employees*Wages

iv) Listing number : 30

v) Author’s Abstract : To reduce sex differences in employment outcomes, we must examine them in the context of the sex-gender hierarchy. The conventional explanation for wage gap-job segregation-is incorrect because it ignores men's incentive to preserve their advantages