Solubility of Organic Compounds

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Phenol A2 ✗

–

✓

✗

–

–

Sucrose S2 ✓

✗

–

–

–

–

tert-Butyl chloride I ✗

–

✗

–

✗

✗

Toluene I ✗

–

✗

–

✗

✗

Legend: ✓ - soluble, ✗ - insoluble, – - Not applicable

Acetone is soluble in water because of its functional group which is ketone making it capable of hydrogen water from H2O on the other hand, it is soluble in diethyl ether because they have similar intermolecular forces such as dipole dipole moment, where both of them are polar and like dissolves like. Ethanol is also soluble in water because the OH in ethanol is attracted to H2O because it can do hydrogen bonding and it also contains small non-polar group that makes it miscible in water and also in diethyl ether because both of them have polar group that makes it soluble . Sucrose is soluble in water because of its hydorxyl group that attracts H2O and both of them are polar which applies the principle like dissolves like. Benzoic acid and phenol are soluble in 5% NaOH because NaOH deprotonizes benzoic acid and phenol having a product of a salt that turned it to ionic bonding which made it soluble in water. Benzoic acid is soluble in NaHCO3 because only carboxylic acid functional groups reacts with NaHCO3. Aniline is soluble in 5% HCl beause it has amine as a functional group that is basic when it is reacted to HCl, it protonates which turns it into salt that made it soluble. Benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol are soluble in H2SO4 because these functional groups are reactive to H2SO4 due to presence of N and O and there will be hydrogen bonding that will make it soluble. Hexane, toluene and tert-butyl chloride is insoluble in H2SO4 because they differ in polarity. The three compounds are non polar which does not have any attraction to the polarity of H2SO4.

The possible error for this experiment is that the compounds and the solvents has been contaminated that may differ the results. There are also other factors such as the temperature because it may be soluble but not in room temperature. The ratio between the solute and solvent for it to dissolve because it will not dissolve if there is too much solute placed in the solvent.

CONCLUSION

The solubility of an organic compound is also affected by the nature of the solvent may it be polar or nonpolar. It also proved that the functional group present affects the solubility in the solvent. The nature of the compound affects also the solubility because it may protonated or deprotonated in order for it to dissolve. The intermolecular forces present affect the solubility because the stronger it is the greater the attraction of the molecules.

REFERENCES

[1] Carpio, Paulo T. Solubility of organic compounds, 2011:1-3

[2] Vidar, W. Organic Chemistry 1 Laboratory experiments Edition B (2015). De La Salle Health Sciences Institute. 2015

[3] Smith, J.M. Organic Chemistry, 4th ed.; McGraw Hill International, 2014

[4] wiseGeek, 2016. What are organic compounds. < http://www.wisegeek.com>. Downloaded on March 19, 2016

[5] n.d. Qualitative analysis of organic compounds [Pdf document]. Retrieved from http://www.copharm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/uploads/activities%202014/lect.2year%20tagreed/Determination%20of%20Solubility%20Class.pdf

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