How Have International Terrorism Events, Such as 9/11 and the Paris Bombings, Affected Canadian Domestic and Foreign Policy?

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October 7, 2001, then Prime Minister Jean Chrétien announced that Canada would provide military air, land and naval forces to the international force formed to combat terrorism. “Considering the concern of the United States after September 11, 2001, the possibility of infiltration by terrorists on US territory from neighboring Canada, Ottawa agreed to sign in December 2001, with its southern neighbor, the Declaration on the smart border” (Jacoby, Tami Amanda). The declaration annexed Action Plan of 30 points. All points have been grouped into four blocks: (1) safe movement of people; (2) safe movement of goods; (3) protection of objects of transport infrastructure (airports, ports, bridges, tunnels, pipelines and electric lines, which link the United States and Canada; (4) strengthening coordination and exchange of information in the implementation of these objectives. But these measure american side feed is not enough. After September 11, The Canada already increased pressure from the United States, so the government of Canada would have to substantially increase military spending and adopted a more active part in the defense of the continent. “Non-participation of Canada in the US-British military operations in Iraq and the failure to support created by the United States missile defense sharply strained relations between the two countries” (Jacoby, Tami Amanda). Many Canadian scholars and officials noted the Premier of the country had gone too far in this regard. As stated in the report of the Canadian Institute for Defense and International Relations, "Canada should take more account of strategic considerations and be more selective in the open expression of disagreement with the United States, and it should limit these controversial issues that directly affect Canadian interests." (Jacoby, Tami Amanda).

Currently, Ottawa fight against international terrorism is based on the "Operation Athena." As part of this operation since August 2003, there are Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan, which are part of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) is a multinational force under the command of NATO, deployed under a UN mandate in Afghanistan to help stabilize the situation in the country and the creation of all necessary conditions for the normal functioning of the Afghan government and various international organizations.

The shift from "personal security" to "responsibility to protect" was directly related to the Canadian Forces. The core concept of the military in Canada has been the use of military force against terrorism. SO from the logical that the "failed states" are not only called White Paper, including new threats to the country along with international terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), but it is marked as the primary threat. Canada's military leaders of these countries the government is unable to exercise the political power, to ensure the safety and meet the minimum basic requirements of the population. As noted by the White Paper, we will help to establish stability in these countries, we will not allow the proliferation threat and deprive terrorists of support. From other way. this measure will make a contribute to reducing the likelihood that terrorists will reach shores and threaten Canadians directly.

Reference

Hoveyda, Fereydoun. "A New Strategy Against Islamist Terrorism?". American Foreign Policy Interests, vol 27, no. 2, 2015, pp. 119-123. Informa UK Limited, doi:10.1080/10803920590935286.

Jacoby, Tami Amanda. "Terrorism Versus Liberal Democracy: Canadian Democracy And The Campaign Against Global Terrorism". Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, vol 11, no. 3, 2014, pp. 65-79.Informa UK Limited, doi:10.1080/11926422.2004.9673378.

Kitchen, Veronica and Karthika Sasikumar. "Canada (En)Counters Terrorism: U.S.-Canada Relations And Counter-Terrorism Policy". Terrorism And Political Violence, vol 21, no. 1, 2009, pp. 155-173.Informa UK Limited, doi:10.1080/09546550802587572.

Spitzig, Amanda. "Terrorism And Anti-Terrorism Legislation In Canada". Legal Studies Undergraduate Journal, vol 1, 2016, University Of Waterloo, doi:10.15353/lsuj.v1i0.121.