Chinese Civil War

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it was due to the fact that many of the CPC army groups had origins as peasants or criminals. In terms of cultural levels, they were much interior to the KMT members with urban origins. Nevertheless, the generals of CPC were extremely outstanding. For example, Liu Bocheng participated in the imperial examinations in the late Qing Dynasty and he was a highly knowledgeable scholar; even during the battles, he would bring such classic war books as Master Sun’s Art of War and the Confucius classic Mencius.

Take Zhou Enlai as another example. He came to Japan to our School, and upon graduation from the Department of Economics at Meiji University, he returned to China and joined the CPC.

After the defeat of the KMT and Chiang Kai-shiek retreated to Taiwan, he used to make such a reflection: KMT¡¯s failure could be attributed to the corruption of KMT itself. He said: ¡°since the resistance war against Japan, the ordinary comrades have depressed spirits and lost their moral courage, thus totally devastating the revolutionary morality and spirit accumulated by the Party over fifty years. They even destroyed and violated the laws, have corrupt morality and conducted indecent deeds; they cheated both their superiors and their subordinates and have no remorse over their misconducts.¡± He said, ¡°Our Party and League have complex organizations that are sluggish, loose and slow in reaction, and the Party Headquarters have become the government offices in feudal China, and the Party members have become the bureaucrats.¡± He even said angrily, ¡°Since the Resistance War, the Party¡¯s reputation in the society has plummeted, and our revolutionary work has only followed the old conventions without making any unsubstantial progress. Honestly, ¡°At all times and in all over the world, no party has even been like ours who is dispirited, undisciplined and without moral norms. Such a party should have long been eliminated or phased out. ¡±, ¡±

3> The end of civil war: why not recover Taiwan

¢ÙThe break-out of Korean war

After the mainland of China was liberated basically, Mao Zedong began to plan to solve Taiwan problem. When prepare to solve Taiwan problem with force, the peaceful way was also prepared. At that time, Korean war broke out, the United Nations army went across Military Demarcation Line, and it was spread into Yalu River soon. The severe case forced Mao Zedong to postpone the time to liberate Taiwan. However, he did not expect the dragging on the liberation of Taiwan. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek was unstable in Taiwan, the Americans also withdrew the seventh fleet from Taiwan. It should be the best time to liberate Taiwan, but the communist party lost the opportunity. The communist party only saw there were Hu Zongnan¡¯s army in the southwest region, the second field army sent the troops to the southwest region, the third field army guarded the major city and cleared the remaining enemy force, so the second field army and third field army were not concentrated to liberate Taiwan, while the inferior troops were defeated in Jinmen. In this way, Chiang Kai-shek survived in Taiwan. In the mainland, Chiang Kai-shek lost and Mao Zedong won; while it was in contrast in Taiwan. This was a major historical error, and it was irreparable.

¢ÚAmerican¡¯s obstruction

After the Korean armistice agreement was signed, Mao Zedong held that it was the time to solve Taiwan problem. In early 1955, the east China forces began to plan to liberate the southeast coastal islands. Until February 25, all the islands alongside Zhejiang were liberated. Following the instructions from central military commission, the east China forces entered into Fujian, converged with Fujian army to prepare to attack Jinmen and Taiwan. At that time, the US government expanded to interfere the Taiwan problem constantly. On November 2, 1954, US and Taiwan signed Common Defense Treaty, the US House and Senate passed the Urgent Resolution for US Congress to Authorize the President to Use the Armed Forces in Taiwan Strait. According to the statistics, the US seventh fleet assembled the large fleet composed by 5 aircraft carriers, 3 cruisers and 40 destroyers in the southeast coastal region, and attempted to interfere the liberation of Taiwan. American¡¯s intervention aggravated the difficulty to liberate Taiwan.

¢ÛPossibility to liberate Taiwan peacefully

In the spring of 1956, Zhou Enlai met Song Yishan, the trusted follower selected by Chiang Kai-shek after the repeated balance under the specific arrangement, and clarified the specific policy to liberate Taiwan peacefully: Firstly was to realize the peaceful reunification via the peer negotiation between the KMT and communist party; Secondly, Taiwan implemented the high-degree autonomy as the autonomous region governed by Chinese government; Thirdly, Taiwan affairs were led by Chiang Kai-shek, and the central government did not send people to intervene; Fourthly, US troops evacuated from Taiwan, and the foreign countries were not allowed to intervene Chinese internal affairs. After the 1960s, the communist party and central government have proposed many new principles and policies to solve Taiwan problem according to the change of the situation, and the peaceful liberation is turned into peaceful unification.