Notes on Civil War

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WIthdrawals to washington

1862: september: Battle of Antietam Bloodiest day in history

1863: West Virginia seceded from Virginia. Border State

1863: Chancellorsville Night raid May

1863: Gettysburg Bloodiest Battle

Emancipation Proclamation: Lincoln waits to have a solid victory

Draft: Hire substitute or buy 300 dollars

Bounty Broker: made a business of escaping drafts

Bounty Jumpers: Enlist in the bounty and then ditch

Spring of 1864: Start in Culpepper and work his way to richmond. Grant has more people and a larger army. Grants objective is to push them back to richmond

Ulysses Harium S. Grant got the name “Butcher” at Shiloh

Habeas Corpus: Lincoln suspended habeas corpus

Copperheads: they opposed lincoln’s war policies led by general McClellan

List of Generals:

McDowell:

McClellan: he was forced to move and then engaged in

Pope: he is defeated badly so Lincoln brought back McClellan

McClellan: After Second Manassas he was going to invade the north and get out of the south and so that he can get recognized by European Powers. Lee was uniting at sharpsburg while McClellan was waiting with the secret wrapper.

Burnside: Political appointment (not experienced like south), ditched

Hooker: big loss and was surveying the land for a nighttime attack the confederates mistake him for a union officers. Meant a lot to lee

Meade: last day of gettysburg pickett’s charge failed because lee tried to get a line of troops to charge. waiting to make an assault and the union was on high ground. Attacking cemetery ridge. failed fired too high and lee was too hot headed to see he can’t do it fredericksburg in reverse TURNING POINT lee on defense.

After he called for 75,000 volunteers _____ seceded.

Border States: Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky and Delaware

After Penninsula Campaign:

Sees that Lee is a skilled general and that the war must be a war of destruction of the south.

Weakened the Power of Jefferson Davis because he feared he would lose the slaves with the Emancipation Proclamation

Advantages

Union: Bank, Population, Finance

Confederate: Generals, Military

Ironclads: Melted railroad. Iron shall that would ruin wooden ships north worried

***worker wages slaves would not side with slavery . war changed from power balance within federal system to slavery and human freedom now. because if he made it about slavery in first inaugural the border states would have seceded. When he goes to deliver gettysburg address, he is redefining what freedom means to america. that’s why it’s called second declaration.

Lincoln’s plan called for the 10% plan: 10% of a southern state would be readmitted to the U.S. after 10% of the voters took an oath of loyalty and respect emancipation. Also called for the issue of pardons. available to anyone except the officers and higher ups in command and those who didn’t grant blacks the more radical faction of congress is becoming more powerful.

Election of 1866 congressional election it switches from presidential to congressional reconstruction. It was bellwether because the republicans gained a ⅔ large majority and are unable to get vetoed.

Lincoln looked for a southern vice president: tennessee was gateway to the south. Breakthrough in September allowed lincoln to win the election

Louisiana, Tennessee, Virginia and Arkansas. reconstruct under it

Freedmen’s Bureau: first welfare statute. realclimate slaves back into society. Provision that federal government can give out 40 acres to blackmens claimed from confederacy the Black codes and corruption prevented it to happen.

Carpetbaggers: northerners who moved into the south to take advantage of the situation

Oliver Howard: the head of freedman’s bureau and the head of the university.

Sanitation commission: dorothea dix

Black Codes: rules about labor, small window of opportunity, demise the marriage, no firearms, curfews, slavery by another name. if a black refused to sign, they would be bidded off. They were all beginning to migrate back to plantations. Sharecropping and tenant farming (lease). Planters that were involved with the corrupt people. got support from union league JOHNSON

Ex parte Milligan: could not have people tried in a military court when a civil court was available.

women helped to organize

Johnson: He took office drunk. He resented planters and they were not eligible for pardon. but if you asked for a pardon you can get one but they have to come to him and beg on knees

1865 13th: Blanket Emancipation freed slaves

johnson thinks it’s over

1867: military reconstruction act. divide into 5 districts.

1868 14th : if you were born here you are a citizen. no state shall deny life liberty or property without due process (classification) of law. no state shall deny any person equal protection it proscribed conduct on product. they are concerned about the states denying rights. proposed in 1866. confederate debts are renounced.

1870: reconstruction done

15th: the right to vote not based on race, color, and prior servitude.

*Made the 14th an amendment so they can’t change an amendment when blacks contribute the population and allow them to gain majority in the house.

Johnson’s plan

ratify 13th

renounce secession

pardon

congress