Chapter 13 McKay

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the most powerful nobles and establishing a standing army

Gained control of the church

Direct taxation (salt, land)

Challenges:

Remaining nobles are still powerful

Bad luck on the unifying religion front

Henry II Valois- shot in face

The three Henrys

Henry Valois (Henry III)

Henry of Guise

Henry of Navarre (Henry IV)

War of the three Henrys

Henry of Guise is trying to purify France by killing all the Huguenots.

Henry of Navarre is fighting for Huguenot freedom.

Henry III is fighting with a protestant army and his religion.

Henry of Guise killed by his bodyguard paid by Henry III 1588

Monk stabbed Henry Valois to death

Henry Navarre converts again to Catholicism #5. He goes on to finish the state building job started by the Valois. Henry III stabbed by a monk too.

Now France will transform from state building to absolutism

Guiding question: Why did the 16th century reformation succeed where the earlier challenges to the Church had failed? Think of Political, Economic, Social, and Intellectual answers, then decide which is most important. 

Printing Press-spread of ideas

Geography

Socially

Vernacular literacy

reading in spoken language

Germany

far from Pope

Group of people wanted reform

Zwingli

Great man theory

Would the reformation have happened without Luther?

Humanism

Social force

Political conditions

Germany, France, England

Germany

Lack of central government-formed Schmalkaldic wars (1530-1555) Charles V realized could not fight internal and other enemies so he had the peace of Augsburg treaty.

Elected emperor

Surrounded (always in war)

Charles V

France

Ottoman Empire

Italy

Cuius Regio eius religio who ever is in charge, it’s his religion.

Calvinism, Lutheranism, C.O.E. (Anglican)

Lutheranism spread by big chunks. Calvinism(reformed) spread by people slowly.

People who follow Lutheranism is called a lutheran.

Calvinist in Scotland is called Presbyterian. In Scotland they are called Huguenot. Puritan. Reformed. Calvinists wear black. Anyone more reformed than calvinists are called RADICALS.

Radicals

Anabaptists. People all think the anabaptists are crazy.