Congress Made Under Article 3 to Work the Judicial Power of the Us

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IV. How the Courts Operates

Lower courts ask Supreme Court to certify the answer to specific question in the matter.

A. Oral Arguments

Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes once described __ as “an appeal to the brooding spirit of the law, to the intelligence of a future day.” On rare occasions, the Supreme Court does reverse itself.

B. Briefs

Officially called=Opinion of the Court-announces the Court’s decision in a case and sets out the reasoning on which it is based.

C. The Court in Conference

the Court’s written opinions are exceedingly valuable. The majority opinions stand as __, or exs to be followed in similar cases as they arise in the lower courts or reach the Supreme Court.

D. Opinions

When the Chief Justice is in the minority the assignment is handled by the senior associate justice on the majority side.

Chapter 18 Section 4

I. The Court of Federal Claims

The US government cannt be sued by anyone, without consent. The government may be taken to court only in cases which Congress declares that US is open to suit.

II. The Territorial Courts

A person with a claim against the US could secure __- satisfaction of a claim, payment only by an act of Congress.

III. The District of Columbia Courts

In 1855, Congress set up the Court of Claims to hear such pleas. That body became the US Courts of Federal Claims 1993.

IV. The Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces

beginning 1789 Congress created a system of military courts for each branch of the nation’s armed forces, as an exercise of its expressed power to “make Rules for the Government and Regulations of the land and naval forces.”

V. Military Commissions

1950, Congress created Court of Military Appeals=Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces-to review the more serious court martial convictions of military personnel.

VI. The Courts of Appeals for Veterans Claim

The Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces=__-a court operating as part of judicial branch, separated from military establishment.

VII. The United States Tax Court

Its 5 judges-chief judge and 4 associate judges are appointed by the Pres and Senate to 15 year terms.