The Rights of Person with Disability in Bangladesh

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A hearing impairment is a hearing loss that prevents a person from totally receiving sounds through the ear. If the loss is mild, the person has difficulty hearing faint or distant speech. If the hearing loss is severe, the person may not be able to distinguish any sounds. There are four types of hearing loss:

- Voice disability

Also known as Speech disorders or speech impediments are a type of communication disorder where the 'normal' speech is disrupted. This can mean stuttering, lisps, etc. Someone who is unable to speak due to a speech disorder is considered mute.

When a person is unable to produce speech sounds correctly or fluently, or has problems with his or her voice, then he or she has a speech disorder. Difficulties pronouncing sounds, or articulation disorders, and stuttering are examples of speech disorders.

- Visual disability

Visual impairment, also known as vision impairment, is a decreased the ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses. Some also include those who have a decreased ability to see because they do not have access to glasses or contact lenses.

Visual impairment may cause people difficulties with normal daily activities such as driving, reading, socializing, and walking.

Visual Impairment is a reduction in vision, usually associated with age that cannot be corrected by prescription glasses, contact lenses, medicine or even surgery. In effect, a person diagnosed with visual impairment has difficulty fulfilling his/her regular daily functions.

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Learning disability

Having a learning disability means that people find it harder to learn certain life skills. The problems experienced vary from person to person, but may include aspects such as learning new things, communication, managing money, reading, writing, or personal care. Some people are born with a disability, whereas others may develop one as a result of an accident or illness in childhood.

In simple terms, a learning disability results from a difference in the way a person's brain is "wired." A learning disability is a neurological disorder. Children with learning disability may have difficulty reading, writing, spelling, reasoning, recalling or organizing information if left to figure things out by them.

- Factors of disabilities

Here I’ll mention some important causes of disability which are mostly contribute to happen different types of disability-

- Mental health problems

You might think of disability as physical, but mental health problems can make work difficult or impossible. Depression, bipolar disorder, and other conditions can be as disabling as any physical illness. Mental health problems are the most common reason that people file for Social Security disability.

- Hazardous Pregnancy

The Family and Medical Leave Act offers up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave. However, it isn't available to many women who:

- Are self-employed

- Work at small businesses

- Haven't worked long enough with an employer to be eligible

Some employers and a few states offer women short-term disability payments for pregnancy. The rest have to get by using sick days and vacation.

- Dangerous work conditions

The men who work long hours without enough rest are likely to have accidents. The men who work in factories, mines or on agricultural plantations can be exposed to dangerous machinery, tools, or chemicals. Accidents, overwork and exposure to chemicals can all cause disability.

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War

In today's wars, more civilians than soldiers are killed or disabled and most of them are women and children. Explosions cause people to become deaf, blind, and lose their limbs, as well as causing other injuries.

Their mental health is also badly affected by the violence. The destruction of homes, schools, health centers, and means of livelihood that results from conflicts and wars leads to increased disability, poverty, and disease

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Poor access to health care

Good health care can prevent many disabilities. Difficult labor and birth can cause a baby to be born with a disability such as cerebral palsy. Trained birth attendants who can identify risks and handle emergencies can prevent babies from being born with many disabilities. Immunization can also prevent many disabilities.

- Medicines and injections

When used correctly, certain injected medicines, like some vaccinations, are important to protect health and prevent disability. However, there is a worldwide epidemic of unnecessary injections. Each year these unnecessary injections sicken, kill, or disable millions of persons, especially children.

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Poisons and pesticides

Poisons such as lead found in paints, pesticides such as rat poison, and other chemicals can cause disabilities in people and cause birth defects in babies growing in the womb. Smoking or chewing tobacco, breathing smoke, and drinking alcohol during pregnancy can also harm a child before she is born.

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Accidents

Many women and children get disabling injuries at home by burns from cooking fires, falls, road accidents, and breathing or drinking toxic chemicals. Workplace accidents, especially in less regulated sectors such as construction, agriculture, mining, and smaller businesses, are a common source of disability.

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Poverty and malnutrition

Poverty is one of the biggest causes of disability. Poor people are most vulnerable to disability because they are forced to live and work in unsafe environments with poor sanitation, crowded living conditions, and with little access to education, clean water, or enough good food.

This makes diseases