Air Pollution Research Paper

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- Research questions

- What is the real situation of pollution in Ha Noi?

- How does pollution affect foreign tourists in Ha Noi?

- How can the situation of pollution be improved in order to increase the number of foreign tourists in Hanoi?

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air, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29

definition, 6

Hanoi, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29

stability, 7

transportation, 8, 14, 19

Volcanic, 10

Table of figures

Figure 1- Is Hanoi polluted 10

Figure 2- The quality of air 10

Figure 3- The causes of pollution 11

Figure 4- Attitudes towards pollution 12

Figure 5- Type of transport 13

Figure 6- people had diseases 14

Figure 7- people visit hanoi again 14

Figure 8- Government Solutions 15

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CHAPTER II: RESEARCH PROPOSAL

- Definition of air pollution

Air pollution describes the high concentration of toxic substances in the air that causes considerable damage to the living beings including humans, animals, plants or even non-living property and structures.

The definition of air pollution given by World Health Organisation is “contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere.” This organisation also refers to “household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires” as the most common sources that contribute to the degrading air quality.

According to US EPA (2009), this type of pollution is considered “the degradation of air quality resulting from unwanted chemicals or other materials, which are higher than its own natural concentration, occurring in the atmosphere that may result in adverse effects on humans, animals, vegetation, and/or materials”.

As Mengesha Admassu and Mamo Wubeshet (2006, p.10) note, the pollution of the air is “concentration of foreign matter in air in excessive quantity which is harmful to the health of man”. There are multiple kinds of pollutants that pose major threat to public health, namely carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone and suspended particulate matter.

- Negative effects of air pollution

Nowadays many countries around the world suffer from a bad air quality. Even 2,000 years ago, the Romans were complaining about the polluted air in their cities. At that time, the air was thick with smoke from fires and the smell of sewers. Air pollution has been a danger to human health and the Earth's various ecosystems for a long time since it influences every area of daily life.

Air pollution become more serious as our society turns modernized. People in the world are facing a lot of pessimistic issues relating to health, environment and economy.

About health, air pollution can harm us when it accumulates in high enough concentrations. Millions of people all over the world have to live in areas where urban smog, particle pollution, and toxic pollutants pose serious health hazard. People exposed to sufficient levels of certain air pollutants may experience irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat; wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and breathing difficulties; worsening of existing lung and heart problems, such as asthma; and increased risk of heart attack.

Along with negative effects on human health, air pollution can cause a variety of environmental effects. It is is one of the main factors leading to climate change and awful weather phenomenas such as storms, flood or freezing rain. These occur frequently and bring disadvantageous consequences. The damage and losses of property, together with unpredictable delay in traffics and works may result in the adverse impact on the economy.

Due to air pollution, more diseases and environmental disasters occur that bring about the significant decrease in the productivity of labor. Air pollution is the fourth-leading cause of premature deaths worldwide and this problem only worsens, but governments have been reluctant to make necessary changes to curb polluting industries in favor of cleaner alternatives.

Common Dreams, 8 September 2016, "Making Case for Clean Air, World Bank Says Pollution Cost Global Economy $5 Trillion: Impact is Most Severe in Developing Nations Where 93% of Deaths and Nonfatal Illnesses Attributed to Air Pollution Worldwide Occurred in 2013,” stated that "In 2013 about 93 percent of deaths and nonfatal illnesses attributed to air pollution worldwide occurred in these countries, where 90 percent of the population was exposed to dangerous levels of air pollution," the report said. "Children under age 5 in lower-income countries are more than 60 times as likely to die from exposure to air pollution as children in high-income countries."

What's more, these fatalities are crippling poor nations economically. In 2013, China lost nearly 10 percent of its GDP, India lost 7.69 percent, while Sri Lanka and Cambodia each lost roughly 8 percent, as a result of pollution-related deaths. This is a really big problem that governments have to find out solutions for the sake of the economy’s stability.

- Causes of air pollution in Hanoi

Even though there are many ways to categorize the different causes of air polution