Percolation Rates of Carassius Auratus Increase as Temperature Increases

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at low temperatures (Sollid et al., 2005).

Our experiment represented a short-term exposure to increased water temperatures. Global

ocean temperatures rising because of global warming and other human impacts would have a more

drastic, long-term effect on marine species and environments. These long-term effects are already being

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observed in areas such as the Great Barrier Reef. Increased water temperatures as low as 1°C or less

could result in the degeneration in coral of protective measures against bleaching, and increase coral

cell mortality by over 50% (Ainsworth et al., 2016). Marine habitats are also being diminished by

pollution. When large quantities of pollutants are released, there may be an immediate impact as

measured by large-scale sudden mortalities of aquatic organisms, such as fish kills resulting from

contamination of waterways with agricultural pesticides. The end results, which may occur long after

the pollutants have passed through the environment, include immunosuppression, reduced metabolism,

and damage to gills and epithelia. (Austin, 1998).

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Work Cited

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Austin, B. The effects of pollution on fish health. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 85 (S1): 234S-242S.

Claireaux, G., Lagardère, J.P. 1999. Influence of temperature, oxygen and salinity on the metabolism of the European sea bass. Journal of Sea Research. 42 (2):157–168.

Hoar, W.S., Randall, D.J., Conte, F.P. Fish Physiology. 4: 133-172.

Kondo, H., Harano, R., Nakaya, M., Watabe, S. 2004. Characterization of goldfish heat shock protein-30 induced upon severe heat shock in cultured cells. Cell Stress & Chaperones. 9 (4):350-358.

Min, B.H., Park, M.S., Myeong, J.I. 2015. Stress responses of starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus (Pallas) following water temperature rise. Journal of Environmental Biology. 36 (5):1057-1062.

Snieszko, S.F., 1974. The effects of environmental stress on outbreaks of infectious diseases of

fishes. Journal of Fish Biology. 6 (2): 197-208.

Sollid, J., Weber, R.E., Nilsson, G.E. 2005. Temperature alters the respiratory surface area of

crucian carp Carassius Carassius and goldfish Carassius auratus. Journal of Experimental

Biology. 208: 1109-1116.

Warren, D. Donelson, J.M., Ferrari, M.O., McCormick, M.I., Munday, P.L. Warren, D.T. 2016

Duration of Exposure to Elevated Temperature Affects Competitive Interactions in Juvenile

Reef Fishes. Plos ONE. 11(10): 1-13.

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