Galaxies Bright and Beautiful the Search for the Milky Way’s Missing Satellites

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All outer surfaces of the trousers, the inner surfaces of the pockets and the inner surface of the lower 20 centimetres of each leg were visually searched for the presence of blood staining using low magnification microscopy, and screened using a chemical test.

Contact blood staining was found on the left knee. No other blood staining was found on the trousers.

A sample of blood from the left knee was submitted for DNA profiling. A complete DNA profile was obtained, which matches that of Finnlay KENNEDY. In my opinion, this DNA profile is from the blood tested.

The chance of obtaining these matching DNA profiles, if the blood stain tested from the trousers, REM/01, was from another man, unrelated to Finnlay KENNEDY, is estimated to be in the order of one in a billion (where a billion is a thousand million).

REM/02 & 03: Boots

These items are left and right black leather boots respectively, which together, appear to form a matching pair.

The outer surfaces of each boot were visually searched and screened for the presence of blood staining, aided by low magnification microscopy.

Small stains were found on the sole of each boot.

Blood from the sole of the right boot was submitted for DNA profiling. A Complete DNA profile was obtained, which matches that of Finnlay KENNEDY. In my opinion, this DNA profile is from the blood tested.

The chance of obtaining these matching DNA profiles, if the blood tested from the right right boot, REM/03 was from another man, unrelated to Finnlay KENNEDY, is estimated to be in the order of one in a billion (where a billion is a thousand million).

No DNA testing of blood on the left shoe has been carried out.

Interpretation

Two sets of results were obtained for both the suspects: first is the blood stain profile and the second is the DNA profile.

The interpretation of results from suspect one – Mr. Mathew Stephens are as follows:

a. The pale blue denim jeans had both contact and splatter blood stains. Contact blood stains were found on the front of the hem of right leg. This indicates that these stains are not from splattering of blood which occurs during assault. A similar contact stain was found however on the inner surface of the left front pocket. This shows that a hand covered with blood was made in contact with the inner pocket.

b. Few blood spots were found on inner surface of lower right leg of jeans and even on the outer surface. In addition, the blood spots were found in the inner surfaces of the left leg. These are mostly likely splattered blood stains which indicate an assault.

c. The DNA profiling results from the blood stain present on front right hem and blood spots from inner surface of the lower right leg matched to each other and

to Mr. Kennedy. This confirms that the blood on suspect 1 – Mr Mathew Stephen is from Mr. Kennedy

d. The dark blue Nike training shoes from the suspect showerd extensive contact blood stain near the toe region of right shoe, upper and welt and even in the stiching. More contact stains were found on shoe laces of right shoe. However spots of blood were found on the front upper and inner aspect of right shoe which clearly indicates splattering due to assault

e. DNA profiling from these contact and spot blood samples matched to Mr. Kennedy showing that the suspect carried Mr. Kennedy’s blood

The interpretation of results from analysis of item of suspect 2 – Andrew Cubin are as follows:

a. Few blood contact stains were found on the left knee of the black trousers. No other stains were found. This indicates contact of the suspect with victim

b. DNA profiling of these stains show a match with Mr. Kennedy’s blood

c. There were small stains found on the sole of each black leather boot. This is not a contact blood stain. It indicates splatter and assault

d. The DNA profiling results confirms the identity of this blood to Mr. Kennedy

The blood stain identification method is done by using both visual inspection with naked eye as well as using a combination of oblique lighting and low magnification microscopy on darker coloured items. These are very reliable techniques in forensic science for preliminary analysis and location of blood stains.

Putative blood stains were tested using a presumptive chemical test, which can also be used for screening the surfaces of dark coloured items. It is also a very reliable method to confirm the stains as blood and not any other material.

Furthermore, the DNA profiling method is a highly sensitive and selective forensic tool with a probability of 1 in billion for the results to be false.

Conclusions

The results from the blood tests and DNA profiling indicates that Mr. Stephens is directly linked to the assault as his clothing and shoes showed splatters of Mr. Kennedy’s blood which are not due to normal contact. Also, the presence of splattered blood on his shoes confirm his very strong involvement in the assault.

On the other hand, although the clothing of Mr. Cubin does not show any strong evidence of splattering of blood, but there are some blood spots found on his shoe soles and the DNA

profiling method confirms its identity to Mr. Kennedy. Therefore his involvement during the initial assault is strongly expected.

The results of the forensic lab are highly reliable as the techniques used are very strongly recognised and well established as used routinely for forensic examination.

I have used the most appropriate level of support from the following standard scale: limited, moderate. Moderately strong, strong, very strong, extremely strong.