How Islam Has Influenced Art

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Abdulbasid Abdi

How Islam has influenced art.

Two dominant features of Islamic art and architecture are the calligraphic decoration and spatial composition mosques. These were closely linked to Islamic doctrine and developed in the early stages of their religion. Prophet Muhammad's house consisted of a square enclosure of adobe walls open to a courtyard, topped by a porch or shed on the south side. The first followers of Mohammed were nomadic people from the Arabian peninsula. with little artistic traditions, in contrast with empires that they conquered later. As it expanded, Islam assimilated the different cultural and artistic traditions of people under their rule, thus establishing its own artistic style, which varies according to the different climatic areas or the materials available. Some motifs adapted from other cultures became universal themes of the Islamic world. Islamic art evolved from many sources, such as Roman, early Christian and Byzantine, which intermingled in its first architecture, art Sassanian Persian and Central Asian styles, built by Turkish and Mongol raids. Chinese art was an essential ingredient in paint, ceramics and textile arts.

Domes, an important element of Islamic architecture, come from the Sassanian architecture and early Christian traditions. The first monumental mosque known as Dome of the Rock (Jerusalem late seventh century), a central octagonal space surrounded by two ambulatories and covered by a large dome. Its composition is derived from Roman architecture, probably from the mosque of the Holy Sepulchre (IV century) in Jerusalem. Rock mosque is decorated with colorful mosaics, both inside and outside and houses the stone from which, according to Muslim tradition, Muhammad ascended to heaven. The mausoleum, built in the early tenth century, to the governor of Bujoro, in Central Asia, is another example of great architectural significance. This square brick building has a dome on horns (small arches that bridge at the corners of the square to facilitate the transition to the circular space of the cover), derived from Sassanian Iran instead of traditional triangular spherical sections. Low architecture typical of the Ottoman mosques are built following the Byzantine tradition.

Thus, the Grand Mosque Selimiya (1569-1574) in Edirne (Turkey), designed by the Turkish architect Sinan, has a colossal dome preceded by an arcaded courtyard, where small domes and half domes multiply. The composition is similar to that of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey), the most significant example of Byzantine architecture, which was later converted into a mosque. This form, which Sinan also employed in the mosque of Solimán- influenced the design of other mosques in the Middle East and India. Iwan