From Sea to Plate: How Plastic Got into Our Fish

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Another case of the pharmaceutical Johnson and Johnson which exclude in the case study also the example on deontology. The medication of Johnson and Johnson was found with poison and polluted with cyanide. Thus, a murderer use this as a way to kill people. Johnson and Johnson react to this issue by adding tamperproof seal on the packaging to avoid the issue happens again. Other than that, Johnson and Johnson provide donating to those patients which having weak financial performance.

In this case, can see that this company is having the thought of deontology as taking their duties and responsibilities on benefits the society.

Next, another ethical school of thought is libertarianism. This basically about freedom, which is a group of political philosophies that upholds the right of individuals to liberty.

Libertarianism focus on every individual have their freedom to make choices and be independently, including the political freedom as long as each other are respect and consider the protection of individual’s rights.

The case of Apple and Congo is the good example for libertarianism. This is about Apple decided to stop buying cobalt mined from Congo due to the problems of Congo employed child labour and having a strictly and harsh work condition. In this case, Apple was having the ethics thought of libertarianism by having own freedom to choose their supplier and stop the partnership when the supplier does not fulfil their requirements.

To compare the thought of libertarianism and deontology, libertarian can be considered as consequentialist, and deontologist is non-consequentialist. This is because the action taken by deontologists are focus on the duties and do morally good but libertarians have least moral on supporting their action. What support the actions of libertarians is the belief of their selves. They are freedom-minded and self-believe on their actions could bring the good result for society. In the case study, it has mentioned about some of the aluminium company less produce the products with adding plastic sleeves or colour the bottles to reduce the pollution.

In this case, those aluminium company have the thought of libertarianism which have their freedom to make choice on less producing the adding plastic.

The last ethics school of thought is virtue. This thought is basically about justice, which is a behaviour with high moral standards and a disposition or character that concerned with choice.

It is an ethic theory that emphasis on the character development, what virtue should acquire to be the kind of character that we supposed to be but not the actions.

) For example, everyone is capable of scamming but does not mean that everyone will do that because they have the choice to choose between actions which are morally good.

The organization which implementing the altruistic CSR can be considered as having the thought of virtue because it indicates the organization having the ethics thought of virtue to do the activities with morally good that can benefit the society.

CSR is the uses of an organization resources to fix social environment, economic and goals. The example of greenpeace group is the good example of having ethics thought of virtue. It is an independent organization without funding from government and be determined on saving our planet such as stop the global warming, protect oceans and forest, promoting sustainable agriculture, as long as protect the environment and bring our planet back to green and peace.

From the case study, it mentioned that the ISU organised a working group to pick up the plastic waste in the ocean.

This action of ISU has the thought of virtue which has the self-moral behaviour on taking care the environment.To do the comparison between the utilitarian, deontologist and virtue ethic, utilitarian make decision by having the vision on maximizing the end of profit without moral conflict. Deontologist focus on doing duties with morally good but virtue ethic focus on the behaviour like thought motivated by morally goods. In short, deontology is about doing and virtue is about being.

For problem solving, it is recommended using the STAR framework which is see, talk, act and read. By using STAR framework, we perceive the issues first, talk about the issues in

discussion, act it out and read the review on how to improve the problems.

To solve the ethical problems based on the case study which is plastic pollution, two ethics school of thought are implemented which are deontology and virtue ethic. By using the thought of deontology, every participant required to do self-duty and take self-responsibilities with morally good to protect our ocean and human health. For organization, it must have the self-awareness on the severity of plastic pollution. It is recommended to produce biodegradable products instead of those non-biodegradable plastics. By this way, the plastic pollution and plankton eating plastic issue can be reduced. When plastic pollution reduced, the health of marine life and human would be improved. For government, it is recommended to provide recycle bins across the town, and conduct the campaign and produce road-side banner about pollution to increase the awareness to community. Other than that, government could conduct the law and regulations insure the penalty for those company or citizen who cause the plastic pollution. For consumers, everyone should take own-duties and responsibilities as do not simple throw plastic into the ocean in order to maintain the health of environment. In conclusion, business must not be driven only by profit making. Business also should contribute on CSR that engaging in activities that align with Triple Bottom Line. The behaviour of doing business must involving the ethics thoughts in order to benefits the society and also making profit.

By using the thought of virtue, every participant required to have the behaviour and thought with moral standards. Therefore, the organization is recommended has the thought of morally goods and do the philanthropic responsibilities as provide donation to those independent organization such as greenpeace group. Other than that, the organization also recommended to conduct the altruistic CSR as conducting “save ocean” campaign to raise the public awareness of community. For individually virtue, it is recommended the parents be a good role and nurture their children since young about the importance of environmental production. By this way, the pollution can be reduced when every participant has the moral behaviour.

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