Examples of Questions on Ratio Analysis

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Answer 3: CA/CL=1.2 and (CA-100)/CL=1.1 => solve and find CL=1,000 and CA=1,200=> answer c

Answer: d

ANSWERS TO PROBLEM: (note that these are just examples of a good answer)

- The answer should be focused on using the current and quick ratios. While the current ratio has steadily increased, it is to be noted that the liquidity has not resulted from the most liquid assets as the CEO proposes. Instead, from the quick ratio one could note that the increase in liquidity is caused by an increase in inventories. For a fresh food firm one could argue that inventories are relatively liquid when compared to other industries. Also, given the information, the industry-benchmark can be used to derive that the firm's quick ratio is very similar to the industry level and that the current ratio is indeed slightly higher - again, this seems to come from inventories.

- Inventory turnover, days sales in receivables, and the total asset turnover ratio are to be mentioned here. Inventory turnover has increased over time and is now above the industry average. This is good - especially given the fresh food nature of the firm's industry. In 1999 it means for example that every 365/62.65 = 5.9 days the firm is able to sell its inventories as opposed to the industry average of 6.9 days. Days' sales in receivables has gone down over time, but is still better than the industry average. So, while they are able to turn inventories around quickly, they seem to have more trouble collecting on these sales, although they are doing better than the industry. Finally, total asset turnover is went down over time, but it is still higher than the industry average. It does tell us something about a potential problem in the firm's long term investments, but again, they are still doing better than the industry.

- Solvency and leverage is captured by an analysis of the capital structure of the firm and the firm's ability to pay interest. Capital structure: Both the equity multiplier and the debt-to-equity ratio tell us that the firm has become less levered. To get a better idea about the proportion of debt in the firm, we can turn the D/E ratio into the D/V ratio: 1999: 43%, 1998: 46%, 1997:47%, and the industry-average is 47%. So based on this, we would like to know why this is happening and whether this is good or bad. From the numbers it is hard to give a qualitative judgement beyond observing the drop in leverage. In terms of the firm's ability to pay interest, 1999 looks pretty bad. However, remember that times interest earned uses EBIT as a proxy for the ability to pay for interest, while we know that we should probably consider cash flow instead of earnings. Based on a relatively large amount of depreciation in 1999 (see info), it seems that the firm is doing just fine.

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