Brochure of Machine

...

b. Standard railings shall be at least 1 000 mm from the upper surface of the top rail to floor railing.

c. standard railings shall have posts not more than 2000 mm apart and an intermediate rail halfway between top rail and the floor.

d. The dimensions railings and post the anchoring and framing of members shall be such that the completed structure shall be capable of withstanding a load of at least 100 kg applied in any direction at any point of the top rail.

e. Railing of the following types of construction shall be deemed satisfactory:

1. For Wood Railings: Top rails and posts of at least 50 mm x 100 mm stock. All such railings shall be smooth and free from large or loose knots, protruding nails or bolts, splinters, fine slivers or cracks.

2. For Pipe Railings: Top rails and posts of metal pipe of at least 30 mm x diameter. And intermediate rails of metal pipe of at least 25 mm diameter.

3. For Structural Metal Railings: Top rails and post of angle iron at least 38 mm x 38 mm x 5 mm and intermediate rails of angle iron of at least 32 mm x 32 mm x 3 mm.

f. All railings shall be of sound material free from defects and all sharp corners shall be rounded and smoothened.

g. Toe boards shall be least 150 mm in height.

h. Toe boards may be made of wood, iron, steel or other substantial material.

i. Toe boards shall be surely fastened in place with not more than 6-mm clearance above floor level.

- Stairs

- All stairs, platforms, and landings shall be of sufficient strength to sustain safety

- a live load of not less than 500 kg with a factor of safety of four (4).

- Width of stairs except service stairs, i.e. giving access to oiling platforms, shall in no case be less than 900 mm and should be at least 1 120 mm away from all obstruction except handrails.

- Except for service stairs, the pitch of stairways should be between 30° and 38° from the horizontal and the slope should not be less than 20° or more than 45°.

- Where the slope would be less than 20°, a ramp should be installed, and where the slope is more than 45°, a fixed ladder should be provided.

- No stairway shall have a height of more than 2 750 mm between landings, and intermediate landings shall have dimensions of not less than 2 200 mm from the top of the tread in line with the face of the riser.

- Except for service stairs, the treads, exclusive of noosing or projections, shall not be less than 2200 mm from the top of the tread line with the face of the riser

- Except for service stairs, the threads, exclusive of noosing or projections, shall not be less than 230 mm in width and the risers shall not be more than 200 mm or less than 130 mm in height.

- There shall be no variation in the width of the threads and the heights of the risers in any flight; the top and bottom treads of any flight should be clearly distinguishable.

- All stairways having four or more risers shall be equipped with stair railings on any open side.

- Enclosed stairways less than 1 120 mm in width shall be equipped with the stair railing on any open side

- Enclosed stairways less than 1 120 mm in width shall be equipped with at last one handrail preferably on the right side descending.

- Stairways 1120 mm or more in width shall be equipped with one stair railing on each open side and on handrail on each enclosed side.

- In addition to the railings provided for in Section 3.8 stairways 2 250 mm or more in width shall be equipped with an intermediate handrail located approximately midway of the width

- Stair railings shall be constructed in a permanent and substantial manner of wood, pope structural metal or other material of sufficient strength

- The height of the stair railings, from the upper surface of the tread in line with the face of the riser

- Handrail shall be continuous throughout a flight of stairs and at landings and without obstruction other than those

- Handrails mounted directly on walls or partitions shall be fixed by means of brackets attached to the lower side of the rails, so as not interface with the smoothness of the top and side surfaces of the rails.

- Brackets shall be spaced not more than 2 000 mm apart shall be sufficient strength to provide a clearance of at least 40 mm between the rails and walls or any obstruction on the walls.

- The complete structure shall be capable of withstanding a load of at least 100 kg applied in any direction at any point on the rail

- The clear width of service stairs, such as stairs in engine and boiler rooms or stairs leading to the service platforms around machinery, shall be at least 560 mm.

- The pitch of service stairs shall not be more than 60̊ and the width of the treads shall not be less than 150 mm.

- Window openings at stairs landing, where the opening is more than 300 mm in width and the sill is less than 900 mm above the landing shall be guarded securely by bars, slats, or grill work to prevent persons from falling through

- Ramps used by persons from ascent or descent from one level to another shall be limited to a slope of more than 1 in 10 and shall conform to all relevant requirements for construction width, enclosures and railings applying to stairways.

- Where railings for ramps may be subjected to heavy stresses, from trucking and handling materials, additional strength shall be provided by use of heavier stock, close spacing of post bracing, etc.

- Fixed Ladders, Catwalks, Runways and Platforms:

- All metal parts or fittings of ladders shall be made of structural steel.

- The distance from the front of the rungs to the nearest fixed object on the climbing side of the ladder is at least 760 mm.

- The distance from the front of the rungs to the nearest fixed object on the climbing side of the ladder is at least 760 mm.

- The distance from the back of the rungs to the nearest fixed