The Stroop Effect
Autor: Mikki • December 10, 2018 • 1,691 Words (7 Pages) • 610 Views
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In the end of the study, it was confirmed that the males took longer to recognize the color to complete their tasks because the time limit was only 5 seconds. It was also confirmed that females were more accurate in carrying out their tasks. This study therefore confirms that there is a difference between Stroop and Non-Stroop effect on color recognition especially when sex and reaction time is considered.
Other researchers have suggested that the superiority of females in Stroop task comes from the fact that they have the ability to name the colors first. This helps the females to have a better performance in the overall Stroop Task. The accuracy of Stroop color word inference was the main contributing factor for the better performance of the females in this study. Further, the prevalence of missing a question of the two male participants and the inability of most of them to differentiate colors might be a contributing factor to the results (Davidson 2003).
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Conclusion
Since the x2 computed 7.4 is greater than x2 tabular 3.841, with degrees of freedom of 1 at 0.05 level of significance it resulted to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Which means that there is a significant difference between Stroop and Non-Stroop effect on Color Recognition among males and females.
The findings in this study confirm the findings of other similar studies that there is a sex difference in Stroop task inference between males and females. Females have an upper hand over males as far as Stroop tests are concerned. The females are more accurate and are able to make quick identifications. Although the results in this experiment indicated very minimal statistical difference, this is probably due to the fact that the experiment was limited by the factors indicated above.
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Recommendation
Majority of the published literature on the Stroop effect in different Stroop tasks relied on reaction time and the scores of the participants in different conditions or test. In this research, the researchers proved that there was a significant difference between Stroop and non-Stroop effect on sex when it comes to color recognition. Despite the fact of data gathered by the researchers and the results of the test of both male and female, Stroop and non-Stroop, therefore, the research need a further study to test its reliability and validity. The sampling that the researchers used was quota sampling. It shows weakness which is low in external validity. The researchers recommend to use other types of sampling to prove the validity of the research.
When it comes to the conditions or test of what the researchers conducted, this research recommend other Stroop task like jumbled letters or mixed of non-Stroop and Stroop, to determine how the participants, male and female, performed in this kind of task. In the time, the limited time of 5 seconds of every flash card really affect the answer of the participants or known as time pressure.
In order to prevent any confounding variables from affecting the validity of the results, the future researchers must check the eyesight of the participants beforehand, the ink and the font of the words to make it clear, easy to read and keep the same for every participant.
Appendices
Appendix A Statistics
NON-STROOP
STROOP
TOTAL
MALE
100
23
123
(90.11)
(32.90)
FEMALE
100
50
150
(109.90)
(40.11)
200
73
273
= 90.11 = 109.90[pic 1][pic 2]
= 32.90 = 40.11[pic 3][pic 4]
LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE ∞ = 0.05
df = (row-1) (column-1)
= (2-1) (2-1)
= (1) (1)[pic 5]
df = 1 x2 tabular = 3.841
x2 = [pic 6]
x2 = + + + [pic 7][pic 8][pic 9][pic 10]
[pic 11]
x2 = 1.09 + 2.98 + 0.89 + 2.44 x2 computed = 7.4
MALE
A
B
C
No answer
11
3
5
2
12
2
8
13
4
2
3
1
14
7
3
15
5
5
16
6
4
17
4
2
4
18
6
1
2
...