Carlos and the Flag

...

In “Miseducation of the Filipino Youth,” Constantino claimed that American colonial education taught Filipinos patriotism but not nationalism. I contend that American colonial education taught both, though its conception of nationalism is different from that of Constantino. In this study I treat nationalism and patriotism as referring to two distinct but related and overlapping phenomena. Patriotism I defined as love of country and loyalty to homeland. Neither country nor homeland necessarily correspond to a nation, though patriotism often is directed towards one. By nation, I rely on Benedict Anderson’s definition of a nation as an “imagined political community” that is “limited and sovereign.” Nationalism is a patriotism of a specific sort. In this study, it refers to the subsumption local, regional, provincial or ethnolinguistic identities under a national identity. I show how the American colonial curriculum encouraged Filipinos to think beyond the local and to make the nation their primary unit of loyalty. (Adrianne Marie Francisco, 2015) Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley

Local Studies

Philippine Nationalism is an upsurge of patriotic sentiments and nationalistic idea in the Philippines in the late 1880’s that came as a result of the Filipino Propaganda Movement from 1872 to 1892. It became the main ideology of the first Asian nationalist revolution, the Philippine revolution of 1896. (Andres Delos Santos,

WALA NA AKONG MAKITA NA LOCAL STUD. HUHUHUHU. SORWIEEE !

Foreign Literature (backup lang puh!)

I want to suggest that patriotism and nationalism can be valuable in four respects. They can help develop more robust forms of citizenship, provide support for redistributive social policies, foster the integration of immigrants, and even serve as a check on the development of an aggressively unilateralist foreign policy. (Rogers Brubaker, 2004)

Patriotic identification with one’s country – the feeling that this is my country, and my government – can help ground a sense of responsibility for, rather than disengagement from, actions taken by the national government. A feeling of responsibility for such actions does not, of course, imply agreement with them; it may even generate powerful emotions such as shame, outrage, and anger that underlie and motivate opposition to government policies. Patriotic commitments are likely to intensify rather than attenuate such emotions. As Richard Rorty (1994) observed, ‘you can feel shame over your country’s behavior only to the extent to which you feel it is your country. Patriotic commitments can furnish the energies and passions that motivate and sustain civic engagement. (Rogers Brubaker, 2004)