The New Imperialism (1800–1914)

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- CORRECT: Westerners felt concern for their "little brothers" beyond the seasEXPLANATION: Many Westerners felt a genuine concern for their "little brothers" overseas, and missionaries, doctors, and colonial officials believed they had a duty to spread what they saw as the blessings of Western civilization.

13. What peasant rebellion in China almost toppled the Qing dynasty and caused between 20 to 30 million Chinese deaths?

- CORRECT: the Taiping RebellionEXPLANATION: The Taiping Rebellion was probably the most devastating peasant revolt in history. It greatly weakened the Qing dynasty and is estimated to have caused the deaths of between 20 and 30 million Chinese.

14. Which empire was in decline when Britain began turning its eye towards India as a commercial and political interest?

- CORRECT: the Mughal empireEXPLANATION: The Mughal empire was in decline when the British began expressing commercial and political interests in India. As Mughal power waned, the influence of the British East India Company grew

15. How did British colonial rule affect Indian agriculture?

- CORRECT: clearing new farmlands led to deforestationEXPLANATION: The British encouraged nomadic herders to settle into farming and pushed farmers to grow cash crops, but the clearing of new farmlands led to massive deforestation.

16. The Industrial Revolution encouraged imperialism by creating a need for

- CORRECT: raw materials and new markets.EXPLANATION: The Industrial Revolution created the need for access to natural resources and new markets of consumers, spurring the drive to expand overseas.

17. Which African country was able to resist European colonization and maintain its independence?

- CORRECT: EthiopiaEXPLANATION: Thanks to a reforming ruler, Menelik II, Ethiopia was modernized and able to resist Italian invaders. Ethiopia was the only African nation, aside from Liberia, to preserve its independence.

18. A ruthless and brilliant leader named Shaka led which people in southern Africa?

- CORRECT: ZuluEXPLANATION: The Zulus emerged as a major force in southern Africa under Shaka's leadership.

19. What treaty was the first of a series of "unequal treaties" that forced China to make concessions to Western powers?

- CORRECT: the treaty of NanjingEXPLANATION: In 1842, Britain made China accept the Treaty of Nanjing, the first of a series of "unequal treaties" that forced China to make concessions to Western powers.

20. European nations were able to seize Asian and African colonies because they

- CORRECT: had strong armed forces and new weapons.EXPLANATION: European nations had powerful armies and navies, as well as machine guns, repeating rifles, and steam-driven warships, which allowed them to seize less powerful Asian and African colonies.