Biography of Charles Spencer Chaplin

Biography of Charles Spencer Chaplin:

(London, 1889-Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland, 1977) director, actor and film producer of British origin, creator of the mythical character Charlot. Son of a humble marriage entertainers, his father died still very young and his mother suffered mental disorders, so he spent part of his childhood and adolescence in the street or hosted in different orphanages. She made her stage debut at eight years old and continued acting in various touring companies until he managed to excel in one of the most famous in London.

At twenty he moved to America, where he devoted himself to the film medium. In the racing film cars for children, in 1914, the character of Charlot first appears: A vagabond who wears pants legs wide, Shoes at inflated shoes, it is played with a bowler hat, carrying a bamboo cane and wears a trademark mustache. In 1915, he contracted Essanay, made several films, most notably The Wanderer, in which it was finally fixed the peculiar universe of Charlot. Essanay of the Mutual happened in 1916; at that time it was already the highest paid movie star of the time. At the same time he began to assume management responsibilities.

In 1918 he was hired by a million dollars for the First National for eight films in a span of five years; He was then consecrated as a genius of the screen with films like Dog's Life, Shoulder Arms and The boy. In 1919 he founded with Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D.W.Griffith the United Artists Corporation, which lasted until 1952. However, until the end of his contract with the National unable to start working on his own production. In 1921 he traveled all over the world. His fame was already universal and was welcomed triumphantly everywhere.

Once he could have complete freedom to write, direct and produce their own projects, the humorous and sentimental nature of his films turned to tragedy and satire, while maintaining an inimitable performance style, grounded in the art of mime and circus clown. The arrival of talkies in the late twenties did not impair the effectiveness of the pantomime: his films constantly found new hearings. They swelled his film A Woman of Paris, The Gold Rush, The Circus, City Lights and Modern Times, where his social criticism is acute. All these were two separate blockbusters.

Then they followed the last two movies filmed in the United States: its first sound film, The Great Dictator, in which Charlot is the counterpart of Hitler, and Monsieur Verdoux, where the character of Charlot last occurrence.

The sharpness with which Chaplin criticized social problems and satirized many aspects of American life created a lot of controversy. Accused of communist in the rarefied atmosphere of the so-called witch hunt, and pursued by the scandal that caused the last of his four marriages, with Oona O'Neill, daughter of famous playwright, who had only eighteen, he ended up leaving the United United.

He traveled to Europe and settled in Vevey (Switzerland). Still he produced three films in London: Limelight, A Countess from Hong Kong and A King in New York. From his marriage with Oona was born Geraldine Chaplin, who would follow his father as a film actress. In 1972 he returned to the US to pick up the Oscar that was awarded the Academy Award for his body of work. Throughout a career of 79 films, combined prodigiously the humorous, dramatic and satirical. The great creation of the character Charlot, comic and pathetic at the same time has become a myth of the twentieth century.

Biography of Benito Mussolini:

(Dovia di Predappio, Italy, 1883 - Giulino di Mezzegra, id, 1945.) Italian political leader who established the fascist regime in Italy (1922-1943). After World War I (1914-1918), the crisis of liberal democracies, aggravated by the economic crash of 1929, favored a phenomenon that characterized the interwar Europe: the rise of totalitarianism. His first demonstration was fascism, a name that comes from the Fasci di combattimento created in 1919 by Benito Mussolini, who seized power in 1922 and imposed a one-party dictatorship. The Italian fascist regime became the main ally of Adolf Hitler in World War II (1939-1945), and ran the same fate after the defeat. Son of a humble family (his father was a blacksmith and his mother a teacher school), Benito Mussolini studied teaching, after which he taught for too long periods ever since the teaching combined with continuous trips. He soon had problems with the authorities was expelled from Switzerland and Austria, where he had initiated contacts with the irredentist movement coming sectors. In his first political affiliation, however, Mussolini approached the Italian Socialist Party, attracted by its more radical wing. Of socialism rather than its reform principles, caught at the revolutionary side. In 1910 he was appointed secretary of the provincial federation of Forlì and soon became editor of the weekly La Lotta di Classe (Class struggle). The victory of the radical wing of the reform in the socialist congress of Reggio Emilia, held in 1912, gave him greater role within the political party, which he used to take care of the Milanese newspaper Avanti, official organ of the party. Still, their views on the fighting of the "Red Week" in 1914 led to some concern among his fellow soldiers, frightened by their radicalism. The division between Mussolini and socialists increased with the proclamation of neutrality launched by the match against Italy's entry into World War I in August 1914. Mussolini, who had been one of the most radical opponents of the war in Libya and Italy's participation in the Great War, suddenly changed his mind and openly advocated a hawkish stance, which earned him expulsion from the Socialist Party. In November of the same year he founded the newspaper Il Popolo d'Italia, ultranationalist trend. On the vacillation of the Italian Parliament concerning the entry into the war, he even wrote that "it would have been necessary to shoot a half dozen deputies" to give a "healthy" example to others. In September 1915 he joined voluntarily, and served in the army until he was wounded in combat in February 1917. The Fasci di combattimento and the March on Rome After the war, Benito Mussolini wanted to capitalize on the feeling of dissatisfaction that gripped the Italian company calling on the fight against the leftist parties, who said as guilty of the defeat of Italy