Functions of Management - Principle of Business

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Some of the popular non-verbal clues or signals that are used include:

Eye contact - the eyes say a lot of things that are not spoken. Maintaining eve ointact during communication

is important as it slim' and truthfulness

Touch - some liintan'tiittioJliiring

communk.ation. Thi, rim Itide die

handshake. a hug or 1111, .11 illt• ri)11(11111:

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Source -- this is the person sending tlw message or, in other words, the initiator of the messoge[pic 4][pic 5]

Encoding - this is the process by which the message is converted into a symbolic form to facilitate transmission. The way a message is encoded may be affected by the level of skills, attitudes knowledge and the socio-cultural system of the sender. These factors may also affect the effectiveness of the message being communicated

Message - this is what is being communicated. This may take the form of spoken or written words. An artist may also communicate through his/her drawings or paintings. It is very important that the sender's message is clear, as ambiguity may distort effective communication

Channel - this is the medium that is used to transfer the message from sender to receiver. The channel used is selected by the sender and must be appropriate for the message being communicated. The improper selection of a channel may lead to poor communication - for example, if an employee is fired by the firm

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both parties rapid interchange- of information and feedk: can be given immediately. It is a very good channel use when information has to be transmitted (11141; Oral communication is by far the most used channel communication and is favoured for meetings, imervie and presentations.

It is usually quick and requires little prior preparation Allows for immediate feedback

It is flexible and can be easily adjusted to meet the situation

The sender of the message can be more persuasive an, convincing

It offers direct contact between the sender and receiver of the message.

of will communit.,00,1!

It offers little time to think of the feedback that will given

Ee Lacks record unless the conversation was recorded o

ie_,,-..,_,,,rrek.n.mtkeglwaiguiag,444plyrjw_es a voice message to tape

communicate the decision. This channel was not -,===-- "''teAl4TrrriTrare---strseei34431e-toasLtauons b rriers

It is influenced by non-verbal clues which rrra-i

the message being communicated.[pic 6][pic 7]

Written communication

Written communication is another widely used chi of communication. It includes the use of letters, me bulletins, reports and notices. Written communicati suited for formal long-term records where details communication_must be kept. One of the problems oral communication is the lack of record in most Howevef, written communication eliminates this prc Organisations opt for written communication esp. for meetings so that checks can be done in the futui assessment can be made in terms of performance.

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A record can be kept of the information being communicated

Information can be sent to people who are in dill( locations

Can be used to dandy. explain and it iii oral

comminiikanoo

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when the person on the receiving end is uncomfoluble with the touch. However, it can also lie reassuring or be used as encouragement[pic 8]

Body movements — the way you sit, walk or stand up can send signals. We communicate through our posture and subtle movements. Our body movements could be saying 'I am comfortable commtmica (jug with you' or 'I cannot wait for this to be over'

Gestures — the way we gesticulate can obstruct or enhance our messages. Over-gesticulation is often distracting. For some people, what is being gesticulated and what is being said are two opposites

Facial expressions — our facial expressions say a lot about our interest in the conversation. We can therefore communicate a message that we are not aware of, depending on our reaction to what we hear or what we say

Physical distance — some people are very protective of their personal space and will become uncomfortable once they feel that that space is being invaded. However, people are willing to share their space with

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others wit h whom they are comfortable or share a good relationship

Intonation — this is where en iphasis is placed on certain words, thus changing the meaning of the message.

Factors influencing the choice of channel used

There are pros and cons for each communication channel available to transmit information between the sender and receiver. .The type of communication method (see Table 1 1. I ) used is dependent on, but not limited to, the following factors:

The nature of the message — this may be influenced by the importance