Discrimination in Statistics

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Asian 129 0 18392 1691 19209 374 3289 9369

Black 59 0 20885 2675 20549 240 3867 8687

Hispanic 376 0 11066 806 15630 222 2316 3952

Multi Race 26 0 4457 1438 7332 669 1504 2622

Native Hawaiian 3 0 42782 3797 6576 37479 37479 40727

Other 2 0 3317 1298 1836 2018 * 3317

White not Hispanic 401 0 24698 1029 20604 340 3946 15718

Variable Ethnicity Q3 Maximum

Expenditures American Indian 57652 58392

Asian 35493 75098

Black 42192 60808

Hispanic 10294 65581

Multi Race 3997 38619

Native Hawaiian 50141 50141

Other * 4615

White not Hispanic 43155 68890

Question 3: Restricting your analysis to the descriptive statistics rather than inferential statistics discuss your thoughts on what the data informs you about whether a discrimination based on ethnicity exists.

Based on the descriptive statistics, the median expenditure for white (nonhispanics) are $15718 and the median expenditure for Hispanics are $3,952. There are similar amount of Hispanics and white (nonhispanics) in the data pool. There is an observable significant difference in these two values of expenditures; therefore, I would conclude that there may be discrimination when comparing Hispanics and whites.

Part 3: What about Age Cohort?

Question 4: Look more at the defined Age Cohorts. Why do you think the cohorts were established in this way?

The people were grouped in age groups of 0-5, 6-12, 13-17, 18-21, 22-50, and 51+ because there may also be ageism which is discrimination based on age.

Question 5: Investigate how the Age Cohort relates to the expenditures, and a potential discrimination based on age cohort by creating an appropriate graph and giving the basic descriptive statistics. [pic 7]

[pic 8]

Descriptive Statistics: Expenditures

Variable Age Cohort N N* Mean SE Mean StDev Minimum Q1 Median Q3

Expenditures 0 - 5 82 0 1415.3 67.7 612.6 222.0 1025.0 1380.5 1752.8

12-Jun 175 0 2226.9 62.8 830.9 620.0 1594.0 2191.0 2854.0

13-17 212 0 3922.6 69.5 1012.7 386.0 3281.5 3952.0 4668.5

18-21 199 0 9889 208 2941 3153 7571 9979 11810

22-50 226 0 40209 418 6287 25348 36437 40456 44801

51 + 106 0 53522 610 6284 33110 49472 53509 57775

Variable Age Cohort Maximum

Expenditures 0 - 5 2750.0

12-Jun 4163.0

13-17 6798.0

18-21 18435

22-50 56716

51 + 75098

There is more money spent on older age groups. The graph shows that people 22 and above are given more funds than the other age groups.

Question 6: Restricting your analysis to the descriptive statistics rather than inferential statistics discuss your thoughts on what the data informs you about whether a discrimination based on age cohort exists.

It seems to be that people who are 22 and above get more funds than people under 22 years of age. Although, there are a lot more people who are younger than older than 22. There does seem to be an age discrimination.