List of Muscles

...

- Medial pterygoid plate, mandible, hyoid, stylohyoid ligament, cricoid and thyroid cartilage to median pharyngeal raphe (seam of posterior pharynx)

- During swallowing contract to drive food

Salpingopharyngeus

- Auditory tube to pharynx

- Elevates the pharynx and opens auditory tube when swallowing

Stylopharyngeus

- Styloid process to pharynx

- Elevates pharynx

NECK MUSCLES (Muscles moving the head)

Sternocleidomastoid

- Manubrium and medial clavicle to mastoid process and superior nuchal line

- Rotates, extends and flexes neck

Scalenes

- Transverse process of cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) to ribs 1-2

- Flexes neck, tilts the head toward same shoulder, rotates face away (major breathing muscle)

Trapezius

- Occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 to clavicle, acromion process and scapular spine

- Extends and laterally flexes neck

Splenius capitis

- Spinous process of C4-T6 to superior nuchal line and mastoid process

- Extends, rotates and laterally flexes neck

Semispinalis capitis

- Articular process of C4-C7 and transverse process of T1-T6 to occipital bone

- Extends and rotates neck

Longissimus capitis

- Transverse process of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae to mastoid process

- Extends head

Oblique capitis superior

- Transverse process of atlas to occipital bone

- Extends and laterally flexes neck

Rectus capitis posterior

- Atlas (posterior tubercle) and axis (spinous process) to occipital bone (nuchal line)

- Extends and rotates neck

MUSCLES ACTING ON VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Iliocostalis cervicis

- Superior six ribs to transverse process of middle cervical vertebrae

- Extends, flexes and rotates vertebral column

Iliocostalis thoracic

- Inferior six ribs to superior six ribs

- Extends, flexes and rotates vertebral column

Iliocostalis lumborum

- Sacrum, ilium and lower lumbar vertebra to inferior six ribs

- Extends, flexes and rotates vertebral column

Longissimus capitis

- Transverse process of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae to mastoid process

- Extends head

Longissimus cervicis

- Upper thoracic vertebrae to transverse process of upper cervical vertebrae

- Extends neck

Longissimus thoracis

- Upper ribs to transverse process of upper lumbar vertebrae

- Extends vertebral column

Spinalis cervicis

- Spinous process C6-C7 to spinous process of C2-C3

- Extends neck

Spinalis thoracis

- Spinous process of T11-L2 to spinous process of middle and upper thoracic vertebrae

- Extends vertebral column

Semispinalis cervicis

- Transverse processes of T2-T5 to spinous process of C2-C5

- Extends neck

Semispinalis thoracis

- Transverse processes of T5-T11 to spinous process of C5-T4

- Extends vertebral column

Splenius cervicis

- Spinous processes of C3-C5 to transverse processes of C1-C3

- Rotates and extends neck

Longus colli

- Bodies of C3-T3 to bodies of C1-C6

- Flexes neck

Interspinales

- Spinous processes of all vertebrae to superior spinous process

- Extends neck and back

Intertransversarii

- Transverse processes of all vertebrae to next superior transverse process

- Laterally flexes vertebral column

Multifidus

- Transverse processes of vertebrae and posterior surface of sacrum and ilium to spinous process of superior vertebrae

- Extends and rotates vertebral column

Rotatores

- Transverse processes of all vertebrae to the base of spinous process of superior vertebrae

- Extends and rotates vertebral column

MUSCLES OF THORAX

Diaphragm

- Xiphoid process of sternum,