Effectiveness and Effeciency of Peace and Order

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It has to look forward, towards a future, in which it does things much better and more efficient through more capable people and better processes than in the past. The set of strategic priorities starts with developing competent, motivated and values-oriented police personnel.

Without any doubt, all these strategic priorities within the second perspective of "learning and growth" would depend upon the adequacy of resources provided by the PNP and upon the commitment of the PNP to its philosophy framed by "service, honor and justice". Resources and commitment need to go together for them to produce results.

Being the participants of this study, it will serve as a reference to the client on how the PNP officers are effective and efficient of their job. In order for our community having peace and orderly. This project is a major requirement to complete the Bachelor’s of Science in Criminology in the College.

Scope and Delimitation:

This study was conducted at Municipality of Mati City, Province of Davao Oriental. There were twenty (20) PNP officers involved as the primary focus of the research who are coming from Mati Police Station. The focus of the study was on the effectiveness and efficiency of peace and order in Mati City, Davao Oriental. The subject-respondents were randomly selected from the Mati Police Station of Mati City for this year 2015-2016.

Definition of Terms:

Effectiveness – it is how individual do his/her work excellently and it could give a good result to the people who see their work.

Efficiency – it is often measurable means ability to avoid wasting materials, energy, efforts, money, and time in doing something or in producing a desired result.

Peace – it signifies quietness among individual in the community.

Order – means doing the task with clean and right motives in order to accomplish

the tasks acceptable to everybody.

Conceptual Framework:

Independent variable: Dependent variable:[pic 1][pic 2]

[pic 3]

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Theoretical Framework of the Study:

Klockars (1988) referred to the "rhetoric" of community policing and argued that although we all hope for the achievement of the lofty goals of community policing, it cannot work in reality. Others have supported the concept of community policing and argued that it works very well in reality and has practical applications in our crime ridden communities. This is a very important debate, because we cannot afford to waste money on something if it does not work effectively.

Cox and Fitzgerald (1992:159) claimed that community-oriented policing is in many ways an old idea that can be traced back to Sir Robert Peel. Many authors have referred to the difficult task of defining community policing in one paragraph, let alone one sentence! Friedmann (1992:2) noted that "community policing became a 'buzz word' that is taken for granted by professionals and scholars who used the term to replace other terms such as foot patrol, crime prevention, problem-oriented policing, community-oriented policing, police- community relations and more."

Trojanowicz and Bucqueroux (1994:2-3) suggested that, with the trend of short sound-bite media coverage of events, we must attempt to create a simple and concise definition of community policing. If we do not define community policing ourselves, then others, who do not understand the concept, will do so. They suggested the following definition and called it the "Nine P's" of community policing: "Community policing is a philosophy of full service personalized policing, where the same officer patrols and works in the same area on a permanent basis, from a decentralized place, working in a proactive partnership with citizens to identify and solve problems."

Koch and Bennett (1993:37) and Bennett (1993) defined a community policing philosophy as "A belief or intention held by the police that they should: (1) Consult with and take account of the wishes of the public in determining and evaluating operational policing policy and practice; and (2) Collaborate with the public whenever possible in solving local problems."

Kelling and Moore (1988:6-21) stated that we arrived at this era of community policing with the call to re-establish close community relationships. According to them we have passed through the "political" era (with intimate police and community relations) and the "reform" era (with professionally neutral and distant relationships). Trojanowicz and Bucqueroux (1990:xiii-xv and 1994:4-6) also developed "Ten Principles" of community policing and Manning (1993:423-425) proposed eleven assumptions that underpin the concept of community policing.

Ericson et al (1993:41) stated that "community policing is best understood as the policing of communications about risk and security in late modern society." They further argued that the police went through various stages and models in the past: Militarism (order maintenance); Legalism (law officers); Professionalism (public servants); and Communitarianism (community agents). In this last model police should be agents of consensus by making communities cooperative and bearers of a sense of tradition. This could be achieved through interaction with community members so that they can provide for their own security.

Alderson (1979:239) proposed that police should take "social as opposed to legal action" as part of community policing. "Police will need to penetrate the community in all its aspects and develop personal relationships at beat level" (1979:194). Since communities are organic and changing, flexibility is needed. He felt that the police must help to build communities and that "some shape must be given to its obligations" (Alderson, 1979:194). Since a common good is important for a community, he supported multi-agency involvement in his social engineering approach.

Kelling and Stewart (1989:9) supported this and stated: "To respond appropriately police must view their role in neighborhoods as a means of re-establishing the neighboring relationships and strengthening the institutions that make a community competent and able to deal with its