Hinduism Religion

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2. What is the permanent realm to him? Permanent realm means there is no ultimate reality within, no essence underlying existence, no eternal substratum that is truly real, enduring beyond the present moment.

3. Does he really know what “True” self is unlike Kant? True Self is ultimate, unchanging Actuality. It is immovable, unshakeable and full of peace. It endures forever. It is what the Buddha calls Nirvana - highest and everlasting happiness. For Kant, it is a third level of consciousness.

4. If ultimate reality was beyond change and rest, then how can he finally maintain his position that we can never step into the same river twice? The human being whom for all practical purposes , man, woman, or individual, is not something static, but kinetic, being in a state of constant and continuous change.

5. Is it possible that he knew there was nothing to step in and whatever is becoming is truly nothing? When a person views life and all that pertains to life in a certain light, and understands this being as a succession of mental and the bodily groups, he sees things as they really are. It’s possible.

6. Is this what he meant by Shunyata or is it something else? It means that there is existence, but phenomena are empty of self-nature, intrinsic nature, essence, or of any being.

7. Then was he telling us that there is no self? No, he is saying is that the individual self, or what we might call the ego, is more correctly thought of as a by-product of the five levels of existence.

8. Then why did he tell us that our suffering is due to the attachment to the changing world? He used the word Dukkha or emotional pain. Anything that is subject to change, is dukkha. Thus, happiness is dukkha, because it is not permanent. Success, which fades with the passing of time, is dukkha. Even the purest state of bliss is dukkha. This doesn't mean that happiness, success and bliss are bad, or that it's wrong to enjoy them. If you feel happy, then enjoy feeling happy. Just don't cling to it.

9. In the absence of a personal God, what do Buddhists based their morality? The Buddhist view is that moral behavior flows naturally from mastering one's ego and desires and cultivating loving kindness and compassion.

10. Do they ground their ethics on sentiments? No. Ethical conduct through speech, action and livelihood is part of the path, as are mental discipline through concentration and mindfulness and wisdom.

11. Did Nagarjuna, the second century AD Mahayana philosopher see the world like Buddha? He was the most influential figure in the development of Mahayana Buddhism. He took Buddhist l terms and put them into his formula of "neither x nor not-x." According to this formula, existence is "neither empty nor not empty.

3. Confucianism

1. What was his ethics based on? What did he see when he looked at nature? The individual must live the moral life and expand his consciousness in preparation for entering the enlightened state. Upon mastering ethical living, the student is ready to enter the path of the mystic.