His 1301 - Corrupt Bargain 1824

...

Gabriel Prosser: The first armed rebellion was organized by this man and 50 other slaves living near Richmond, VA. Hundreds of slaves heard about the plan, and 2 of them told the white authorities. Governor James Monroe called out the militia and Prosser and 25 of his followers were executed and their owners received compensation. Black resistance to enslavement played an important role in fashioning a compromise to the sectional controversy of 1850.

Denmark Vesey: Free black man who was hanged along w/dozens of others in 1821 for organizing a slave rebellion aimed at capturing Charleston, S.C.

Underground Railroad: Network of secret routes used by southern slaves to escape to free north, helped hundreds of slaves escape, led by Harriet Tubman, led to establishment of Fugitive slave laws

Nat Turner’s Rebellion: Nat Turner (slave) claimed he had been visited by God to free his people. Wipe spread through Virginia moving from one plantation to another killing 60 whites and freeing many slaves. Was put to an end by militia but it scared whites. Resulted in harsher punishments. Slaves realized ope rebellion was not the best idea.

Southern Defense of Slavery: Before 1830 - The South defended slavery as a necessary evil. They argued that the emergence of cotton as the most important cash crop in the country made slaves necessary.

After 1830 - A number of factors (outlined below) forced southerners to change their defense. Instead of defending slavery as a necessary evil, they began to defend slavery as a "positive good." They argued that the slaves were in actuality happy, content and well cared for. They even went as far as saying that being a slave was better than being a worker in a northern factory, a condition referred to as "wage slavery."

Republican Party: Political party that believed in the non-expansion of slavery and comprised of Whigs, Northern Democrats, and Free-Soilers, in defiance to the Slave Powers.

Dred Scott: A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen., Landmark court decision that ruled that slaves were property and antislavery laws were unconstitutional.

Lincoln Douglas Debates: 16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865), One of the most skillful politicians in Republican party. Lawyer. Tried to gain national exposure by debates with Stephen A. Douglas. The Lincoln-Douglas debates attracted much attention. Lincoln's attacks on slavery made him nationally known. He felt slavery was morally wrong, but was not an abolitionist. He felt there was not an alternative to slavery and blacks were not prepared to live on equal terms as whites. Won presidency in November election.

John Brown: An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an Armory. John Brown and his followers went to Harpers Ferry in an effort to liberate southern slaves, by arming them and trying to lead a revolt. John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged

Abraham Lincoln: 1809-1865

the 16th president of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional and political crisis. In so doing he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened and modernized the federal government. He is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in Ford's Theatre, Washington D.C. during a showing of "Our American Cousin"

Special Orders 191: Somebody leaves Lee's battle plans in a field, Union soldiers recover them. McClellan knows exactly where Lee's army is going to be and fails to destroy him.

Emancipation Proclamation: 1862- Issued by Lincoln. Did NOT end slavery. Proclaims slaves be freed in confederate states. Officially makes "ending slavery" a part of the civil war.

Black Codes: Special laws passed by southern state and municipal governments after the Civil War that denied free blacks many rights of citizenship.

13th-15th Amendments:

13th - Abolished slavery. First of three "Reconstruction Amendments" passed after Civil War (1865-70)

14th - All persons born in the U.S. are citizens; (2) no person can be deprived of life, liberty or property without DUE PROCESS OF LAW; (3) no state can deprive a person of EQUAL PROTECTION of the laws. Second of three "Reconstruction Amendments" passed after Civil War.

15th - Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude.

Freedmen’s Bureau: A federal refugee agency to aid former slaves and destitute whites after the Civil War. It provided them food, clothing, and other necessities as well as helped them find work and set up schools.

Ku Klux Klan: Confederate Veterans, The Klan went on a rampage of whipping, hanging, burning, shooting, throating cutting to defeat Republican and restore, white supremacy and suppress blacks right.

Lost Cause: coping mechanism. Change the reason of the Civil War. Make the Civil War heroic. Very popular movement.

Southern Homestead Act: 1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.

- What were the major problems facing the nation in April 1865? What factors stood in the way of a solution to those problems?

This period from 1865 to 1877 is usually called Reconstruction.

The obvious problem for America in April 1865 is the assassination of a President: Abraham Lincoln was murdered on April 14, 1865. The sudden death of a country's leader can only bring turmoil even in the best of times---and this was certainly not the best of times.

The United States had