Logistics Answer

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27.Win-win situation – the qualities of the agents complement each other in supply chains based on the division of labor and thus lead to improved productivity and increased revenues and profits, which is also referred to as win-win-situation.

28. Rail siding – provide access to the rail freight network and serve for the loading and unloading of rail cars. In most cases, they are located on the premises of the sending or receiving company. It enable companies to transport rail cars directly from the sender to the receiver, thereby avoiding time-consuming and costly transshipment procedures.

29. Transshipment activities include: the loading and unloading of means of transport, sorting of goods, storage of goods and release of goods from the warehouse.

30. Kinds of port terminals: terminal for liquid goods (petroleum products or chemicals) or bulk goods (ore, coal, crop, fertilizers); terminals for general cargo (machines, technical equipment); container terminals, RoRo Terminals.

31. Warehouses may be used as: central warehouses, regional warehouses, production warehouses, distribution warehoust

32. Transshipments halls – serve to distribute goods that arrive through long-distance and short-distance transport. Since goods are stored for only a short time and because the throughput rate is accordingly high, transshipment halls feature a small height and depth but many gates for usually double-sided delivery. The gates need to be designed in a way which enables the loading and unloading of large trucks, utility vans, as well as station wagons.

33. Logistics service centers – have the purpose of concentraining several suppluiers.

34. Just-in-time delivery: prod. strategy that strives to improve a business return on investment by reducing in-process inventory and associated carrying costs.

35. Logistics park: log organization and m-nt nodes relative concentration of construction and development, with ec. development nature of urban logistics functional areas its also relying on related log services and facilities to reduce log costs and improve log efficiency and improve the flow of business services processing, raw material procurement, to facilitate direct contact and consumption in the production and other activities.

36. Transport system comprises the elements of the goods transported (transport object), the means of transport used (mode of transport, traffic routes), and the transport process as an organized transport sequence (transport chain).

37. Transport services can be distinguish into: internal, external.

38. Models of transport: transport value, transport capacity.

39. The basic element of logistics services is: information services (logistical I S, additional I S); logistical core services (order processing, warehousing incl. transshipment); additional services (logistical additional services, supplementary a d)- holistic logistic service.

40. Transport affinity: describes the requirements of the transport object or of the consumer, respectively.

41. Mass transport capacity: capability of carrying out spatially inclusive and comprehensive transport.

42. Cabotage – is a foreign carrier’s permission to perform transports in a specific country, so long as they begin and end in the same country.

43. Characteristic of road freight transport: good network-forming possibilities; speediness in conjunctions with a relatively low transport risk; rational utilization of the network; utilization of vehicles specific to the volume of goods; cost optimizations and environmental-impact optimization by means of the piggy-back system with railway; in long-haul transport abroad, road freight transport is often used for the first and the last transport stages; relatively short standstill periods and latency; high flexibility; complex competitive relationships.

44. Characteristic of rail freight transport: highly capable of performing mass transport resulting in low direct costs for production. Especially suited for long and direct mainland transport; suitable for almost any kind of goods(for valuable, large-volume or bulky goods, for bulk-goods if there are no convenient connections via canals or rivers and for goods that cannot or may not be transported on the road); speediness in the case of block trains or direct trains without shunting; timetables and rail-track allocation greatly ensure timely delivery. Relative independence from rush-hours in road traffic, holiday traffic and adverse weather conditions; safe transport handling, especially when transporting hazardous materials, relatively environmentally friendly method of transport; relatively low network density and thus limited possibilities for door-to door transport, which entails costly and time comsuming transshipment activity; strict adherence to time tables and allocated train lengths: low transport speed; weak competition from foreign rail road competitors due to limited marketability; border delays due to varying technical requirments of country-specific railroad system

45. Characteristic of sea freight transport: transport of large volumes of goods possible or usual; especially suited for long-haul and intercontinental transport; suited for almost any type of goods; relatively cheap relation between transport cost and capacity; rather high safety during transport; relatively low transport speed; high dependent on weather conditions.

46. Transport chain – is characterized by the technical and organizational linkage of the stations which a goods transport passes, starting from the place of dispatch and ending at the receiving point. Single-link chain; multi-link; actual disrupted transport; actual combined; piggy-back transport in the broader sense; container transport.

47. Piggy-back transport: trailer trucks and semi-trailers are loaded onto special railway carriages which perform the main carriage to the destination area; on- carriage to the point of destination is carried out by truck.

48. Intermodal transportation: змішані перевезення «від дверей до дверей», що підготовлюються і виконуються під єдиним керівництвом. Її організатор на всіх етапах перевізного процесу погоджує дії всіх сторін, що беруть участь у ньому: вантажовласників, перевізників, перевізних