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The Effect of Learners’ Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation on Information Security Awareness Education and Training Learning Effectiveness Through online Learning Environment

Autor:   •  May 18, 2018  •  7,765 Words (32 Pages)  •  759 Views

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In March 1999, Patrice Rapalus, director of the Computer Security Institute, noted that “corporations and government agencies that want to survive in the ‘information age’ will have to dedicate more resources to staffing and training of information system security professionals” (Hansche, 2001). Hence to improve that security behavior, recently companies have intensified information security awareness program to indoctrinate their employees (Kruger & Kearney, 2006). Through such program security would be treated as part of job performance rather than being in conflict with job performance (Herold, 2005). It should be part of their job responsibility rather than a problem to be raised once a year (Roper, Grau, & Fischer, 2006).

The program itself could be initiated in formed of education or training coupled with appropriate policy to propose information security awareness, resulting in a more secure information system (Whitman & Mattord, 2009). Moreover, though to create such training is not an easy task, often frustrating this effort would ensure all employees are well informed and aware of the security risks, thereby protecting both the company as well as its profitability (Herold, 2005; Kruger & Kearney, 2006). However, the success of any awareness and training program depends on effective approaches or methods for delivering materials such as activities or instructional sections to the audiences (Herold, 2005).

One of many methods to incorporate training is through distance learning or nowadays popularly known as online learning. Based on previous comparative study on teaching effectiveness, online learning is believed as effective as traditional teaching on-campus approaches for delivering information (Saba, 2000; Threlkeld & Brzoska, 1994). Other study conducted by Chen (2006) incorporate online learning concept through Information security awareness pilot system (ISAS) to increase information security risk, thus mitigating information security risks (Chen et al., 2006). The finding of this study can help organization to contemplate on building more effective information security awareness system in the future.

Many researchers have initiated studies to explore factors are relevant to learner satisfaction or education effectiveness in an online learning environment (Choi, Kim, & Kim, 2007). One of many factors that directly affect online learning effectiveness are motivation, both intrinsic and extrinsic (Anderson, 2008). Personnel must be motivated and this motivation must not only be a part of any awareness and training, but also plays an important role with personnel’s job performance as well as performance process (Herold, 2005). Motivation is indeed very important for program’s success. If the individuals who attend the training are not motivated, then the training becomes practically useless (Roper et al., 2006).

1.2 Research Motivation

Even though many organizations have used various information security technologies, technology tools alone are not sufficient. Thus, other than technology, the area of end user security behavior (people) has become so important (Herath & Rao, 2009). From organization’s perspective, a lack of security knowledge and awareness on the part of employee is a major problem (Chen et al., 2006). For instance, Information security must focus on human issues since employee would impact security in two major ways: causing information security breaches, and make risky decision making that impact organization response to threats (Kotulic & Clark, 2004). Numerous security risks such as viruses, worms, denial of service attacks, stolen passwords, social engineering, and authority and authorization violations are some of the results of lack security awareness (Chen et al., 2006).

Though end user security behavior is very essential, empirical research on this topic and factors influencing them is still in its infancy (Herath & Rao, 2009). Besides, information security awareness training and education to affect positive security behavior through online learning warrants additional study. It is imperative that training programs employed by organizations and courses offered by universities should be developed using the most effective and efficient methods possible for the delivery of information security awareness education and training.

This research will help inform key questions central to effective information security awareness education and training. The motivation for this research is to find out how learning factors such as learner’s intrinsic and extrinsic motivation affect information security awareness education and training learning effectiveness through online learning environment. This research will also help to address key questions in the existing academic research as well as inform both education and industries.

A key question central to this research is regarding effective information security awareness education and training through the use of online learning. This research is aimed at the university environment to learn information security. Nowadays, as online learning has gained considerable popularity and provides certain benefits over the traditional lecture; universities are increasingly offering a more flexible approach with both online and blended courses. This study will also lend insights to the difference between integrated and non-integrated information security awareness education and training. Comparative study is also proposed between different university in different country, namely in Taiwan and Indonesia to get more varieties and robust results.

1.3 Research Objectives

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of motivation both intrinsic and extrinsic on student learning effectiveness, information security awareness training and education. Moreover, it will also seek to compare learning effectiveness of integrated and non-integrated information security awareness education and training curricula.

In order to conduct the theoretical background necessary to support the development of relevant hypothesis, various existing current literatures on the subject matter are carefully selected and reviewed. Based on the study in the current literature, the proposed research model and conclusions drawn from the study can be considered relevant and reliable. This research adds to the current literature in the field of information security awareness education and training through online learning which identify motivation factors or elements have effects on learning effectiveness, and it would lead to how to design and develop the effective of information awareness education and training. Comparative study

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